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This, in turn, implies that the generations of both the predator and prey are continually overlapping. [1] The Lotka–Volterra system of equations is an example of a Kolmogorov population model (not to be confused with the better known Kolmogorov equations), [2] [3] [4] which is a more general framework that can model the dynamics of ...
The selfish herd theory states that individuals within a population attempt to reduce their predation risk by putting other conspecifics between themselves and predators. [1] A key element in the theory is the domain of danger, the area of ground in which every point is nearer to a particular individual than to any other individual.
The relationship between wolves and moose on Isle Royale has been the subject of the longest predator-prey research study, begun in 1958. [5] The wolves have been subject to inbreeding and carry a spinal deformity. [6] As of the 2014 count, there were only 9 wolves on the island, [7] with the 2015–2017 counts showing only 2.
The paradox of enrichment is a term from population ecology coined by Michael Rosenzweig in 1971. [1] He described an effect in six predator–prey models where increasing the food available to the prey caused the predator's population to destabilize. A common example is that if the food supply of a prey such as a rabbit is overabundant, its ...
Using these variables, the optimal diet model can predict how predators choose between two prey types: big prey 1 with energy value E 1 and handling time h 1, and small prey 2 with energy value E 2 and handling time h 2. In order to maximize its overall rate of energy gain, a predator must consider the profitability of the two prey types.
The aim of Huffaker’s 1958 experiment was to “shed light upon the fundamental nature of predator–prey interaction” [2] and to “establish an ecosystem in which a predatory and a prey species could continue living together so that the phenomena associated with their interactions could be studied in detail”. [3]
The form is similar to the Lotka–Volterra equations for predation in that the equation for each species has one term for self-interaction and one term for the interaction with other species. In the equations for predation, the base population model is exponential. For the competition equations, the logistic equation is the basis.
a = conversion efficiency: the fraction of prey energy assimilated by the predator and turned into new predators P = predator density V = prey density m = predator mortality c = capture rate Demographic response consists of a change in dP/dt due to a change in V and/or m. For example, if V increases, then predator growth rate (dP/dt) will increase.