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Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), also known as ciguatera, is a foodborne illness caused by eating reef fish contaminated with ciguatoxins. [ 4 ] [ 2 ] Such individual fish are said to be ciguatoxic . Symptoms may include diarrhea , vomiting, numbness, itchiness, sensitivity to hot and cold, dizziness , and weakness.
Gambierdiscus toxicus is a species of photosynthetic unicellular eukaryote belonging to the Alveolata, part of the SAR supergroup.It is a dinoflagellate which can cause the foodborne illness ciguatera, [1] and is known to produce several natural polyethers including ciguatoxin, maitotoxin, gambieric acid, and gambierol.
Afterwards, carnivorous fish, which are targeted by fishing industries, move the toxins further up the food chain. Ciguatera is the most common form of seafood poisoning caused by harmful algal blooms in the world and its incidence and range appear to spread. Best estimates indicate that more than 50,000 people are globally affected every year.
Ciguatera is found in algae that grows on coral reefs in tropical and subtropical waters like those surrounding the Keys. Fish that feed off the reef ingest the toxin in their flesh, and it moves ...
Opening a sodium channel causes depolarization, which could sequentially cause paralysis, heart arrhythmia, and changing the senses of heat and cold. Such poisoning from ciguatoxins is known as ciguatera. Ciguatoxins are lipophilic, able to cross the blood–brain barrier, and can cause both central and peripheral neurologic symptoms.
Even though ciguatera causes major gastrointestinal issues, so far P-CTX-1 hasn't been proven to have a direct effect on digestive systems. Terao et al showed that no morphological alterations were observed in the mucosa or muscle layers of the small intestine, despite the severe diarrhoea commonly observed upon P-CTX-1 administration. [25]
A very common foodborne illness in fish is ciguatera, which is caused by eating certain reef fishes whose flesh is contaminated with toxins. [76] The CDC states the following about Ciguatera: Ciguatera fish poisoning (or ciguatera) is an illness caused by eating fish that contain toxins produced by a marine microalgae called Gambierdiscus ...
Chiggers carrying bacteria that can cause a deadly kind of typhus never before found in the U.S. have been located in North Carolina. Researchers from N.C. State University and UNC-Greensboro ...