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Closed cup testers normally give lower values for the flash point than open cup (typically 5–10 °C or 9–18 °F lower) and are a better approximation to the temperature at which the vapour pressure reaches the lower flammable limit. In addition to the Penskey-Martens flash point testers, other non-equilibrial testers include TAG and Abel ...
This allows the development of an equilibrium between the liquid and the air volume. The ignition source is directed into the cup at regular intervals with simultaneous interruption of stirring. The test concludes upon observation of a flash that spreads throughout the inside of the cup. The corresponding temperature is the liquid's flash point.
Temperature range of this apparatus is 120 to 250 degree c [2] The other principal methods of establishing chemical flash points are the Pensky–Martens closed-cup test and the Tagliabue cup method (often called simply the "Tag method").
A flammable liquid is a liquid having a flash point of not more than 60 °C (140 °F), or any material in a liquid phase with a flash point at or above 37.8 °C (100 °F) that is intentionally heated and offered for transportation or transported at or above its flash point in a bulk packaging. The following exceptions apply:
The fire point, or combustion point, of a fuel is the lowest temperature at which the liquid fuel will continue to burn for at least five seconds after ignition by an open flame of standard dimension. [1] At the flash point, a lower temperature, a substance will ignite briefly, but vapour might not be produced at a rate to sustain the fire ...
Those with flash points above 37.8 °C/100 °F and below 93.3 °C/200 °F were classified as combustible liquids. [2] [3] Studies show that the actual measure of a liquid's flammability, its flash point, is dependent on the local air pressure, meaning that at higher altitudes where the air pressure is lower, the flash point is also lower. [4]
Flash point between 37.8 and 93.3 °C (100 and 200 °F). 3: Materials (including finely divided suspended solids) that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions (e.g., acetone, ethanol). Liquids having a flash point below 22.8 °C (73 °F) and having a boiling point at or above 37.8 °C (100 °F) or having a flash point ...
Flash point: 24 °C (75 °F; 297 K) (open cup) 39 °C (closed cup) Autoignition ... 2-Nitropropane is produced by the high-temperature vapor-phase ...