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Fortran has the equivalent of Unix file descriptors: By convention, many Fortran implementations use unit numbers UNIT=5 for stdin, UNIT=6 for stdout and UNIT=0 for stderr. In Fortran-2003, the intrinsic ISO_FORTRAN_ENV module was standardized to include the named constants INPUT_UNIT , OUTPUT_UNIT , and ERROR_UNIT to portably specify the unit ...
This is a list of commands from the GNU Core Utilities for Unix environments. These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems. GNU Core Utilities include basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities. Coreutils includes all of the basic command-line tools that are expected in a POSIX system.
command > file1 executes command, placing the output in file1, as opposed to displaying it at the terminal, which is the usual destination for standard output. This will clobber any existing data in file1. Using command < file1 executes command, with file1 as the source of input, as opposed to the keyboard, which is the usual source for ...
PDP-7 UNIX cksum: Filesystem Mandatory Write file checksums and sizes 4.4BSD cmp: Filesystem Mandatory Compare two files; see also diff Version 1 AT&T UNIX comm: Text processing Mandatory Select or reject lines common to two files Version 4 AT&T UNIX command: Shell programming Mandatory Execute a simple command compress: Filesystem Optional (XSI)
The POSIX subsystem was replaced in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 by "Windows Services for UNIX", [2] (SFU) which is based in part on OpenBSD code and other technology developed by Interix, a company later purchased by Microsoft.
Multics had a pwd command (which was a short name of the print_wdir command) [11] from which the Unix pwd command originated. [12] The command is a shell builtin in most Unix shells such as Bourne shell, ash, bash, ksh, and zsh. It can be implemented easily with the POSIX C functions getcwd() or getwd().
The %ComSpec% variable contains the full path to the command processor; on the Windows NT family of operating systems, this is cmd.exe, while on Windows 9x, %COMSPEC% is COMMAND.COM. %OS% The %OS% variable contains a symbolic name of the operating system family to distinguish between differing feature sets in batchjobs .
If pushd is not provided with a path argument, in Unix it instead swaps the top two directories on the stack, which can be used to toggle between two directories. The popd command removes (or 'pops', in the stack analogy) the current path entry from the stack and returns to the path at the top of the stack as the new working directory. [4] [5]