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  2. Carbonyl reduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonyl_reduction

    One workaround to avoid this method is to reduce the carboxylic acid derivative all the way down to an alcohol, then oxidize the alcohol back to an aldehyde. Other alternatives include forming a thioester or a Weinreb amide, then reducing the new species to an aldehyde through the Fukuyama reduction or Weinreb reaction respectively, or using ...

  3. Guerbet reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerbet_reaction

    The Guerbet reaction, named after Marcel Guerbet (1861–1938), is an organic reaction that converts a primary alcohol into its β-alkylated dimer alcohol with loss of one equivalent of water. The process is of interest because it converts simple inexpensive feedstocks into more valuable products.

  4. Reductions with hydrosilanes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductions_with_hydrosilanes

    Reductions with hydrosilanes are methods used for hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of organic compounds.The approach is a subset of ionic hydrogenation.In this particular method, the substrate is treated with a hydrosilane and auxiliary reagent, often a strong acid, resulting in formal transfer of hydride from silicon to carbon. [1]

  5. Scientists Urgently Warn: Stop Drinking Bottled Water - AOL

    www.aol.com/scientists-urgently-warn-stop...

    1. It's Typically Worse Than Tap Water. Bottled water, believe it or not, isn't held to the same standards as tap water. That means harmful chemicals can leach from the bottle, especially if it ...

  6. Appel reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appel_reaction

    The Appel reaction is an organic reaction that converts an alcohol into an alkyl chloride using triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride. [1] The use of carbon tetrabromide or bromine as a halide source will yield alkyl bromides, whereas using carbon tetraiodide, methyl iodide or iodine gives alkyl iodides.

  7. Clemmensen reduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemmensen_reduction

    Clemmensen reduction is a chemical reaction described as a reduction of ketones or aldehydes to alkanes using zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). [1] [2] This reaction is named after Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish-American chemist.

  8. Enantioselective reduction of ketones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enantioselective_reduction...

    Enantioselective ketone reductions convert prochiral ketones into chiral, non-racemic alcohols and are used heavily for the synthesis of stereodefined alcohols. [1]Carbonyl reduction, the net addition of H 2 across a carbon-oxygen double bond, is an important way to prepare alcohols.

  9. Why are there no cancer warnings on alcohol bottles?

    www.aol.com/news/why-no-cancer-warnings-alcohol...

    1989 — the year of big hair. The first season of "The Simpsons" and the fall of the Berlin Wall. It’s also the last time the US government updated the health warning labels on alcohol. "The ...