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4.14 J/(mol·K) at −56.2 °C (crystal II → crystal I) Liquid properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid: −40.56 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 149.62 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o: −1256.33 kJ/mol Heat capacity, c p: 91.7 J/(mol K) at 25 °C Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f ...
In the table above, it can be seen that water is the most polar-solvent, followed by DMSO, and then acetonitrile. Consider the following acid dissociation equilibrium: HA ⇌ A − + H + Water, being the most polar-solvent listed above, stabilizes the ionized species to a greater extent than does DMSO or Acetonitrile.
The polarity, dipole moment, polarizability and hydrogen bonding of a solvent determines what type of compounds it is able to dissolve and with what other solvents or liquid compounds it is miscible. Generally, polar solvents dissolve polar compounds best and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar compounds best; hence "like dissolves like".
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
1,4-Butanediol: 110-63-4 C 6 H 14 O 2: 2-Butoxyethanol: 111-76-2 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOH: butyric acid: 107-92-6 HN(CH 2 CH 2 OH) 2: diethanolamine: 111-42-2 HN(CH 2 CH 2 NH 2) 2: diethylenetriamine: 111-40-0 C 4 H 10 O 2: dimethoxyethane: 110-71-4 (CH 3) 2 NC(O)H: dimethylformamide: 68-12-2 C 2 H 8 N 2: 1,1-dimethylhydrazine: 57-14-7 C 2 H 8 N 2: ...
A polar aprotic solvent is a solvent that lacks an acidic proton and is polar. Such solvents lack hydroxyl and amine groups. In contrast to protic solvents, these solvents do not serve as proton donors in hydrogen bonding, although they can be proton acceptors. Many solvents, including chlorocarbons and hydrocarbons, are classifiable as aprotic ...
Acetonitrile is used mainly as a solvent in the purification of butadiene in refineries. Specifically, acetonitrile is fed into the top of a distillation column filled with hydrocarbons including butadiene, and as the acetonitrile falls down through the column, it absorbs the butadiene which is then sent from the bottom of the tower to a second separating tower.