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Crown closure and crown cover are two slightly different measures of the forest canopy and that determine the amount of light able to penetrate to the forest floor. Crown closure, also known as canopy closure, is an integrated measure of the canopy "over a segment of the sky hemisphere above one point on the ground".
A plant community canopy consists of one or more plant crowns growing in a given area. The crown of a woody plant (tree, shrub, liana) is the branches, leaves, and reproductive structures extending from the trunk or main stems. Shapes of crowns are highly variable.
In biology, the canopy is the aboveground portion of a plant cropping or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In forest ecology , the canopy is the upper layer or habitat zone, formed by mature tree crowns and including other biological organisms ( epiphytes , lianas , arboreal animals , etc.). [ 4 ]
The average crown spread is the average horizontal width of the crown, taken from dripline to dripline as one moves around the crown. The dripline is the outer boundary to the area located directly under the outer circumference of the tree branches. When the tree canopy gets wet, any excess water is shed to the ground along this dripline.
Canopy of D. aromatica at the Forest Research Institute Malaysia displaying crown shyness Trees at Plaza San Martín (Buenos Aires), Argentina. Crown shyness (also canopy disengagement, [1] canopy shyness, [2] or inter-crown spacing [3]) is a phenomenon observed in some tree species, in which the crowns of fully stocked trees do not touch each other, forming a canopy with channel-like gaps.
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