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  2. Amniote - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniote

    Most amniotes still require regular access to drinking water for rehydration, like the semiaquatic amphibians do. They have better homeostasis in drier environments, and more efficient non-aquatic gas exchange to power terrestrial locomotion , which is facilitated by their astragalus .

  3. Amphibian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian

    The world's smallest known vertebrate, Paedophryne amauensis, sitting on a U.S. dime.The dime is 17.9 mm in diameter, for scale. The word amphibian is derived from the Ancient Greek term ἀμφίβιος (amphíbios), which means 'both kinds of life', ἀμφί meaning 'of both kinds' and βίος meaning 'life'.

  4. Lissamphibia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissamphibia

    Most scientists have concluded that all of the primary groups of modern amphibians—frogs, salamanders and caecilians—are closely related. Some writers have argued that the early Permian dissorophoid Gerobatrachus hottoni is a lissamphibian. [ 2 ]

  5. Mollusca - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusca

    The most general characteristic of molluscs is they are unsegmented and bilaterally symmetrical. [16] The following are present in all modern molluscs: [ 17 ] [ 19 ] The dorsal part of the body wall is a mantle (or pallium) which secretes calcareous spicules , plates or shells.

  6. Vertebrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate

    Class Amphibia (amphibians, some ancestral to the amniotes)—now a paraphyletic group; Class Synapsida (mammals and their extinct relatives) Class Sauropsida (reptiles and birds) While this traditional taxonomy is orderly, most of the groups are paraphyletic, meaning that the structure does not accurately reflect the natural evolved grouping. [47]

  7. Labyrinthodontia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labyrinthodontia

    Most labyrinthodonts had special sense organs in the skin, forming a lateral line organ for perception of water flow and pressure, like those found in fish and a number of modern amphibians. [10] This would enable them to pick up the vibration of their prey and other waterborne sounds while hunting in murky, weed filled waters.

  8. Caecilian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caecilian

    All but the most primitive caecilians have two sets of muscles for closing the jaw, compared with the single pair found in other amphibians. One set of muscles, the adductors, insert into the upper edge of the pseudoangular in front of the jaw joint. Adductor muscles are commonplace in vertebrates, and close the jaw by pulling upwards and forwards.

  9. Anapsid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anapsid

    An anapsid is an amniote whose skull lacks one or more skull openings (fenestra, or fossae) near the temples. [1] Traditionally, the Anapsida are considered the most primitive subclass of amniotes, the ancestral stock from which Synapsida and Diapsida evolved, making anapsids paraphyletic. It is, however, doubtful that all anapsids lack ...