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The Haber process, [1] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) to ammonia (NH 3 ) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2 ) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:
The 1910s and 1920s witnessed the rise of the Haber process and the Ostwald process. The Haber process produces ammonia (NH 3) from methane (CH 4) (natural gas) gas and molecular nitrogen (N 2) from the air. The ammonia from the Haber process is then partially converted into nitric acid (HNO 3) in the Ostwald process. [14]
The history of the Haber process begins with the invention of the Haber process at the dawn of the twentieth century. The process allows the economical fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen in the form of ammonia, which in turn allows for the industrial synthesis of various explosives and nitrogen fertilizers, and is probably the most important industrial process developed during the twentieth ...
Fritz Haber, 1918. The Haber process, [5] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [6] [7] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) to ammonia (NH 3) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:
Fertilizer has a reputation for being a dirty business, but behind the soiled façade is a high-tech industry with a history of scientific advances and innovation that spreads beyond the farm.
Haber process – Atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) is separated, yielding ammonia (NH 3), which is used to make all synthetic fertilizer. The Haber process uses a fossil carbon source, generally natural gas , to provide the CO for the water–gas shift reaction , yielding hydrogen (H 2 ) and releasing CO 2 .
The twentieth century saw a radical change in agriculture, as the Haber Process revolutionized fertilizer and transformed it into a commodity business and chemical companies developed and marketed ...
Fritz Haber (German: [ˈfʁɪt͡s ˈhaːbɐ] ⓘ; 9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.