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Burkitt lymphoma is a very aggressive cancer, which can quickly metastasize and spread throughout the body if the cancer is not treated quickly. If the patient is left untreated, or if treatment is initiated too late, Burkitt lymphoma can be fatal. [4] Burkitt lymphoma in children often has a better prognosis than the same cancer in an adult.
Aggressive lymphoma, also known as high-grade lymphoma, is a group of fast growing non-Hodgkin lymphoma. [1]There are several subtypes of aggressive lymphoma. These include AIDS-associated lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. [1]
It usually presents in children 4–7 years old and in almost all cases is associated with EBV infection. [31] Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (sBL) is rare. It occurs in children and, less commonly, older (>60 years) adults. [16] It is found primarily in Northern and Eastern Europe, East Asia, and North America. [32] There are ~1,200 cases/year in ...
Lymphoma may present with certain nonspecific symptoms; if the symptoms are persistent, an evaluation to determine their cause, including possible lymphoma, should be undertaken. Lymphadenopathy [19] [20] or swelling of lymph nodes, is the primary presentation in lymphoma. It is generally painless.
Micrograph showing Hodgkin's lymphoma, a type of B cell lymphoma that is usually considered separate from other B cell lymphomas. Field stain. CT scan of primary B cell lymphoma in the left ilium, as diffuse cortical and trabecular thickening of the hemipelvis, mimicking Paget's disease.
B symptoms are so called because Ann Arbor staging of lymphomas includes both a number (I–IV) and a letter (A or B). [1] "A" indicates the absence of systemic symptoms, while "B" indicates their presence. B symptoms include: Fever greater than 38 °C.
In children under 15 in first-world countries, the five-year survival rate is greater than 60% or even 90%, depending on the type of leukemia. For infants (those diagnosed under the age of 1), the survival rate is around 40%. [13] In children who are cancer-free five years after diagnosis of acute leukemia, the cancer is unlikely to return. [13]
Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms such as cranial neuropathies due to meningeal infiltration are identified in less than 10% of adults and less than 5% of children, particularly mature B-cell ALL (Burkitt leukemia) at presentation. [20] The signs and symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are variable and include: [21]