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Step response of a damped harmonic oscillator; curves are plotted for three values of μ = ω 1 = ω 0 √ 1 − ζ 2. Time is in units of the decay time τ = 1/(ζω 0). The value of the damping ratio ζ critically determines the behavior of the system. A damped harmonic oscillator can be:
The damping ratio is a system parameter, denoted by ζ ("zeta"), that can vary from undamped (ζ = 0), underdamped (ζ < 1) through critically damped (ζ = 1) to overdamped (ζ > 1). The behaviour of oscillating systems is often of interest in a diverse range of disciplines that include control engineering , chemical engineering , mechanical ...
For a single damped mass-spring system, the Q factor represents the effect of simplified viscous damping or drag, where the damping force or drag force is proportional to velocity. The formula for the Q factor is: Q = M k D , {\displaystyle Q={\frac {\sqrt {Mk}}{D}},\,} where M is the mass, k is the spring constant, and D is the damping ...
The underdamped response is a decaying oscillation at frequency ω d. The oscillation decays at a rate determined by the attenuation α. The exponential in α describes the envelope of the oscillation. B 1 and B 2 (or B 3 and the phase shift φ in the second form) are arbitrary constants determined by boundary conditions. The frequency ω d is ...
The parameters in the above equation are: controls the amount of damping,; controls the linear stiffness,; controls the amount of non-linearity in the restoring force; if =, the Duffing equation describes a damped and driven simple harmonic oscillator,
A wave can be longitudinal where the oscillations are parallel (or antiparallel) to the propagation direction, or transverse where the oscillations are perpendicular to the propagation direction. These oscillations are characterized by a periodically time-varying displacement in the parallel or perpendicular direction, and so the instantaneous ...
Damped oscillation is a typical transient response, where the output value oscillates until finally reaching a steady-state value. In electrical engineering and mechanical engineering, a transient response is the response of a system to a change from an equilibrium or a steady state. The transient response is not necessarily tied to abrupt ...
The frequency of oscillation at x is proportional to the momentum p(x) of a classical particle of energy E n and position x. Furthermore, the square of the amplitude (determining the probability density) is inversely proportional to p ( x ) , reflecting the length of time the classical particle spends near x .