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Oral sedation is one of the available methods of conscious sedation dentistry, along with inhalation sedation (e.g., nitrous oxide) and conscious intravenous sedation. [citation needed] Benzodiazepines are commonly used, specifically triazolam. [1] Triazolam is commonly selected for its rapid onset and limited duration of effect. [1]
Sedation dentistry refers to the use of pharmacological agents to induce relaxation and often sleep in a patient prior to and during a dental appointment. The pharmacological agents used differ depending on patient, level of sedation desired and medical professional administering the sedation medications.
The term "medication dentistry" is also referred to as anxiety-free dentistry, relaxation dentistry or comfortable dentistry. This is because most of the patients have feelings of anxiety during even a routine trip to the dentist's office. There are a number of sedation drugs, which can be taken by mouth. They have been developed specifically ...
General anesthesia drugs such as midazolam, ketamine, propofol and fentanyl are used to put a person in a twilight state or render them completely unconscious and unaware of pain. Dentists who have completed a training program in anesthesiology may also administer general IV and inhalation anesthetic agents.
Sedation is typically used in minor surgical procedures such as endoscopy, vasectomy, or dentistry and for reconstructive surgery, some cosmetic surgeries, removal of wisdom teeth, or for high-anxiety patients. [2] Sedation methods in dentistry include inhalation sedation (using nitrous oxide), oral sedation, and intravenous (IV) sedation ...
Additionally, IV sedation is frequently administered as a concoction of several agents including those previously mentioned for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, as well as a benzodiazepine (usually midazolam, but temazepam or flunitrazepam are also used via the oral route [4]) and a narcotic/systemic analgesic such as demerol or fentanyl.
Midazolam, sold under the brand name Versed among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used for anesthesia, premedication before surgical anesthesia, and procedural sedation, and to treat severe agitation. [12] It induces sleepiness, decreases anxiety, and causes anterograde amnesia. [12]
Fentanyl is a highly potent synthetic piperidine opioid primarily used as an analgesic.It is 30 to 50 times more potent than heroin and 100 times more potent than morphine; [11] its primary clinical utility is in pain management for cancer patients and those recovering from painful surgeries.