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Elementary kinetic theory and simple empirical models [1] [2] [3] - viscosity for dilute gas with nearly spherical molecules; Power series [2] [3] - simplest approach after dilute gas; Equation of state analogy [3] between PVT and T P; Corresponding state [2] [3] model - scaling a variable with its value at the critical point
The CGS unit is the poise (P, or g·cm −1 ·s −1 = 0.1 Pa·s), [28] named after Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille. It is commonly expressed, particularly in ASTM standards, as centipoise (cP). The centipoise is convenient because the viscosity of water at 20 °C is about 1 cP, and one centipoise is equal to the SI millipascal second (mPa·s).
where μ is the electric dipole moment of the effectively polarized water molecule (2.35 D for the SPC/E model), μ 0 is the dipole moment of an isolated water molecule (1.85 D from experiment), and α i is an isotropic polarizability constant, with a value of 1.608 × 10 −40 F·m 2. Since the charges in the model are constant, this ...
As for fractions, the simplest form is considered that in which the numbers in the ratio are the smallest possible integers. Thus, the ratio 40:60 is equivalent in meaning to the ratio 2:3, the latter being obtained from the former by dividing both quantities by 20. Mathematically, we write 40:60 = 2:3, or equivalently 40:60∷2:3.
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
A hydrologic model is a simplification of a real-world system (e.g., surface water, soil water, wetland, groundwater, estuary) that aids in understanding, predicting, and managing water resources. Both the flow and quality of water are commonly studied using hydrologic models.
These include the SI unit cubic metre (m 3) and its divisions, in particular the cubic decimeter, more commonly called the litre (1 dm 3 = 1 L = 0.001 m 3), and the cubic centimetre, also called millilitre (1 cm 3 = 1 mL = 0.001 L = 10 −6 m 3). [23] The volume of a quantity of liquid is fixed by its temperature and pressure. Liquids generally ...
[1] [2] As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is a ubiquitous solvent in chemistry. Since water is frequently used as the solvent in experiments, the word solution refers to an aqueous solution, unless the solvent is specified. [3] [4] A non-aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is a liquid, but is ...