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Southern Italy was divided amongst the two Lombards duchies of Spoleto and Benevento, who accepted Charlemagne's suzerainty only formally (812), and the Byzantine Empire. Coastal cities like Gaeta, Amalfi, Naples on the Tyrrhenian Sea, and Venice on the Adriatic Sea, were enclaves who were becoming increasingly independent of Byzantium. A ...
Italy's hill towns have been studied for the communities that inhabited them, as repositories of Medieval and Renaissance art, and for their architecture. The construction techniques used to build these hill towns have even been studied by seismologists to understand why their ancient masonry and stone structures often survive earthquakes that ...
Rome eventually created many colonies and municipi on earlier Etruscan, Umbrian, or Celtic settlements throughout Italy. The network of Roman cities in Italy survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire and provided the basis for the re-emergence of city-states in the Medieval period.
San Gimignano (Italian pronunciation: [san dʒimiɲˈɲaːno]; named after St. Geminianus) is a small walled medieval hill town in the province of Siena, Tuscany, north-central Italy. Known as the Town of Five Towers, San Gimignano is famous for its medieval architecture, unique in the preservation of about a dozen of its tower houses, [3 ...
In medieval Spain, urban communities were self-governing through their concejo abierto or open council of property-owners. The larger towns delegated authority to regidores (town councillors) and alcaldes (law officers), who managed the town and the surrounding lands as one communidad. After the Middle Ages, selection of officials was changed ...
Castello Svevo, Bari Castel del Monte, Andria Lucera Castle, Lucera Copertino Castle, Copertino Province of Bari. Castello Svevo, Bari; Conversano Castle, Conversano; Castle of Charles V, Monopoli
Monteriggioni is a medieval walled town, located on a natural hillock, built by the Sienese in 1214–19 as a front line defensive fortification in their wars against Florence, [4] [5] by assuming command of the Via Cassia running through the Val d'Elsa and Val Staggia to the west.
The town of San Gimignano was an important stop for pilgrims on the Via Francigena in the Middle Ages. The city preserves its medieval character, with its most prominent feature being the high towers, built between the 11th and the 13th century by noble families and upper middle-class merchants.
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