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Greater Khorasan [2] (Middle Persian: 𐬒𐬊𐬭𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬥, romanized: Xwarāsān; Persian: خراسان, [xoɾɒːˈsɒːn] ⓘ) is a historical eastern region in the Iranian Plateau in West and Central Asia that encompasses western and northern Afghanistan, northeastern Iran, the eastern halves of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, western Tajikistan, and portions of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.
The name Khorāsān (lit. "sunrise"; "east"; or "land of the rising sun") was originally given to the eastern province of Persia during the Sassanian period. [2] The old Iranian province of Khorasan roughly formed the western half of the historical Greater Khorasan, [7] a region which included parts that are today in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
It was defined within the classical world of Persia to distinguish it from Iran proper, especially its northeastern province of Khorasan, [3] a term originating with the Sasanians, [4] although early Arab historians and geographers tended to subsume the region within the loosely defined term "Khorasan" designating a much larger territory.
English: Map of the region and principal localities of Transoxiana in the 8th century —. Geophysical map taken from DEMIS Mapserver, which are public domain, other wise self-made.
A map of Greater Khorasan and Khanate of Nishapur in 1775 after the death of Nader Shah. After the death of Nader Shah Afshar in 1747, the area became an independent khanate under the reign of the Bayat chieftains.
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Khorasan commonly refers to: Greater Khorasan, a historical region of Central Asia, now in modern-day northeastern Iran, southern Turkmenistan and northern Afghanistan, sometimes used in a looser sense to include parts of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan; The northeastern area of Iran, until 2004 comprising Khorasan Province, subsequently divided into:
The (Great) Khurasan Road was the great trunk road connecting Mesopotamia to the Iranian Plateau and thence to Central Asia, China, and the Indus Valley.. It is very well-documented in the Abbasid period, when it connected the core of the capital city of Baghdad with the northeastern province of Khurasan.