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One example of primary succession takes place after a volcano has erupted. The lava flows into the ocean and hardens into new land. The resulting barren land is first colonized by pioneer organisms, like algae, which pave the way for later, less hardy plants, such as hardwood trees, by facilitating pedogenesis, especially through the biotic acceleration of weathering and the addition of ...
After a natural disaster, common pioneer organisms include lichens and algae. Mosses usually follow lichens in colonization but cannot serve as pioneer organisms. These common pioneer organisms can have a preference in the temperatures they are in. Lichens are more inclined to be in regions with more rainfall, whereas algae and mosses have a preference of being in regions with more humidity.
There are about 20,000 identified lichen species, [83] [84] and taxonomists have estimated that the total number of lichen species (including those yet undiscovered) might be as high as 28,000. [85] Nearly 20% of known fungal species are associated with lichens. [53] "Lichenized fungus" may refer to the entire lichen, or to just the fungus ...
Lichens are known in which there is one fungus associated with two or even three algal species. Rarely, the reverse can occur, and two or more fungal species can interact to form the same lichen. [12] Both the lichen and the fungus partner bear the same scientific name, and the lichens are being integrated into the classification schemes for fungi.
Bacidina pycnidiata is a pioneer species that grows over bryophytes, both terrestrial and epiphytic. Habitats include both old-growth and managed forests , and anthropogenic areas. Occasionally the lichen has been recorded on tree bark in shaded areas, or growing on other lichens, [ 3 ] as was the case with Caucasian specimens found growing on ...
While Lepraria is often associated with moist microhabitats, certain species tolerate or even prefer more exposed conditions, such as sunlit rock faces or dry forest floors . Some species are pioneers in disturbed habitats , rapidly colonising exposed surfaces where competition from other lichens or plants is low .
With the exception of calicioid lichens, lichen growth forms are based on the appearance of the thallus, which is the vegetative (non-reproductive) part of the lichen. [5] In most species, this form is determined by the lichen's fungal partner, though in a small number, it is instead the alga or cyanobacteria (the lichen's photosynthetic ...
Enchylium limosum, commonly known as lime-loving tarpaper lichen, is a species of crustose to subfoliose lichen in the family Collemataceae. This unique lichen species possesses a gelatinous thallus with a dark coloration, contributing to its distinctive appearance. It thrives in a diverse array of habitats spanning temperate to boreal-montane ...