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As soon as the war began, the major nations issued "color books" containing documents (mostly from July 1914) that helped justify their actions.A color book is a collection of diplomatic correspondence and other official documents published by a government for educational or political reasons, and to promote the government position on current or past events.
Nationalism made war a competition between peoples, nations or races, rather than kings and elites. [90] Social Darwinism carried a sense of inevitability to conflict and downplayed the use of diplomacy or international agreements to end warfare.
Allied Powers in blue, Central Powers in orange, and the neutral countries are in grey. The identification of the causes of World War I remains a debated issue. World War I began in the Balkans on July 28, 1914, and hostilities ended on November 11, 1918, leaving 17 million dead and 25 million wounded.
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
By 1916 a new factor was emerging—a sense of national self-interest and nationalism. The unbelievable casualty figures were sobering—two vast battles caused over one million casualties each. Clearly this war would be a decisive episode in the history of the world. Every American effort to find a peaceful solution was frustrated.
Representatives of 34 countries discuss economics in the wake of the Great War. April 16 Politics: Treaty of Rapallo between Germany and Bolshevik Russia to normalize diplomatic relations. September 11 Politics: Treaty of Kars ratified in Yerevan, Armenia. 1923 June 16 Politics: The Russian Civil War ends. July 24 Politics
The German invasion of Belgium caused Britain to declare war on Germany on August 4. Most of the main parties were now at war. Most of the main parties were now at war. In October 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the war on Germany's side, becoming part of the Central Powers .
The book covers the causes of the First World War, starting in 1903 with the murder of Alexander I of Serbia and ending with the outbreak of World War One. In The Sleepwalkers , Clark argues that no sole country is to blame for starting the First World War, rather, each country unwittingly stumbled into it.