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The history of independent India or history of Republic of India began when the country became an independent sovereign state within the British Commonwealth on 15 August 1947. Direct administration by the British, which began in 1858 , affected a political and economic unification of the subcontinent .
The time between the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BCE and the end of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century CE is referred to as the "Classical" period of India. [122] The Gupta Empire (4th–6th century) is regarded as the Golden Age of India , although a host of kingdoms ruled over India in these centuries.
Marks the End of Mughal Dynasty rule over India. 18 July, 24 January: India's first three universities, the University of Mumbai, the University of Madras and the University of Calcutta, are established. 1858: 1 November: British Raj (to 1947) Marks the Beginning Of Direct British Rule Over India For 89 Years(1858–1947). 7 November
Early Indian history does not have an equivalent of chronicles (like the ones established in the West by Herodotus in the 5th century BC or Kojiki / Nihongi in Japan): "with the single exception of Rajatarangini (History of Kashmir), there is no historical text in Sanskrit dealing with the whole or even parts of India" (R. C. Majumdar). [3]
Eventually, 15 August became Independence Day for India marking the end of British India. Also on 15 August, both Pakistan and India had the right to remain in or remove themselves from the British Commonwealth. Violent clashes between Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims followed.
The early history of British expansion in India was characterised by the co-existence of two approaches towards the existing princely states. [7] The first was a policy of annexation, where the British sought to forcibly absorb the Indian princely states into the provinces which constituted their Empire in India.
India, officially the Republic of India, [j] [20] is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area ; the most populous country from June 2023 onwards; [ 21 ] [ 22 ] and since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy.
India holds that the Instrument of Accession of the State of Jammu and Kashmir to the Union of India, signed by Maharaja Hari Singh (erstwhile ruler of the State) on 25 October 1947 [371] [372] and executed on 27 October 1947 [372] between the ruler of Kashmir and the Governor General of India was a legal act and completely valid in terms of ...