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  2. Simple random sample - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_random_sample

    For example, if a teacher has a class arranged in 5 rows of 6 columns and she wants to take a random sample of 5 students she might pick one of the 6 columns at random. This would be an epsem sample but not all subsets of 5 pupils are equally likely here, as only the subsets that are arranged as a single column are eligible for selection.

  3. Independent and identically distributed random variables

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_and...

    A random sample can be thought of as a set of objects that are chosen randomly. More formally, it is "a sequence of independent, identically distributed (IID) random data points." In other words, the terms random sample and IID are synonymous. In statistics, "random sample" is the typical terminology, but in probability, it is more common to ...

  4. Module:Random - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Random

    This module is subject to page protection.It is a highly visible module in use by a very large number of pages, or is substituted very frequently. Because vandalism or mistakes would affect many pages, and even trivial editing might cause substantial load on the servers, it is protected from editing.

  5. List of random number generators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_random_number...

    These approaches combine a pseudo-random number generator (often in the form of a block or stream cipher) with an external source of randomness (e.g., mouse movements, delay between keyboard presses etc.). /dev/random – Unix-like systems; CryptGenRandom – Microsoft Windows; Fortuna

  6. Random walk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_walk

    A random walk is a discrete fractal (a function with integer dimensions; 1, 2, ...), but a Wiener process trajectory is a true fractal, and there is a connection between the two. For example, take a random walk until it hits a circle of radius r times the step length. The average number of steps it performs is r 2.

  7. Reservoir sampling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir_sampling

    If we associate with each item of the input a uniformly generated random number, the k items with the largest (or, equivalently, smallest) associated values form a simple random sample. [3] A simple reservoir-sampling thus maintains the k items with the currently largest associated values in a priority queue .

  8. Middle-square method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle-square_method

    In the 1949 talk, Von Neumann quipped that "Anyone who considers arithmetical methods of producing random digits is, of course, in a state of sin." What he meant, he elaborated, was that there were no true "random numbers", just means to produce them, and "a strict arithmetic procedure", like the middle-square method, "is not such a method".

  9. Alias method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alias_method

    For example if p 1 = 0.999 and p 2 = 0.001, then the great majority of the time, only a few random bits are required to determine that case 1 applies. In such cases, the table method described by Marsaglia et al. [5]: 1–4 is more efficient. If we make many choices with the same probability we can on average require much less than one unbiased ...