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  2. Module:Random - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Random

    This module is subject to page protection.It is a highly visible module in use by a very large number of pages, or is substituted very frequently. Because vandalism or mistakes would affect many pages, and even trivial editing might cause substantial load on the servers, it is protected from editing.

  3. Simple random sample - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_random_sample

    For example, if a teacher has a class arranged in 5 rows of 6 columns and she wants to take a random sample of 5 students she might pick one of the 6 columns at random. This would be an epsem sample but not all subsets of 5 pupils are equally likely here, as only the subsets that are arranged as a single column are eligible for selection.

  4. Independent and identically distributed random variables

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_and...

    A random sample can be thought of as a set of objects that are chosen randomly. More formally, it is "a sequence of independent, identically distributed (IID) random data points." In other words, the terms random sample and IID are synonymous. In statistics, "random sample" is the typical terminology, but in probability, it is more common to ...

  5. Reservoir sampling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir_sampling

    If we associate with each item of the input a uniformly generated random number, the k items with the largest (or, equivalently, smallest) associated values form a simple random sample. [3] A simple reservoir-sampling thus maintains the k items with the currently largest associated values in a priority queue .

  6. List of random number generators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_random_number...

    These approaches combine a pseudo-random number generator (often in the form of a block or stream cipher) with an external source of randomness (e.g., mouse movements, delay between keyboard presses etc.). /dev/random – Unix-like systems; CryptGenRandom – Microsoft Windows; Fortuna

  7. Monte Carlo method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method

    For example, consider a quadrant (circular sector) inscribed in a unit square. Given that the ratio of their areas is ⁠ π / 4 ⁠, the value of π can be approximated using the Monte Carlo method: [1] Draw a square, then inscribe a quadrant within it. Uniformly scatter a given number of points over the square.

  8. Randomized algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomized_algorithm

    A randomized algorithm is an algorithm that employs a degree of randomness as part of its logic or procedure. The algorithm typically uses uniformly random bits as an auxiliary input to guide its behavior, in the hope of achieving good performance in the "average case" over all possible choices of random determined by the random bits; thus either the running time, or the output (or both) are ...

  9. Alias method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alias_method

    For example if p 1 = 0.999 and p 2 = 0.001, then the great majority of the time, only a few random bits are required to determine that case 1 applies. In such cases, the table method described by Marsaglia et al. [5]: 1–4 is more efficient. If we make many choices with the same probability we can on average require much less than one unbiased ...