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The corbiculate bees (subfamily Apinae of family Apidae) contain four tribes of varying degrees of sociality: the highly eusocial Apini (honey bees) and Meliponini (stingless bees), primitively eusocial Bombini (bumble bees), and the mostly solitary or weakly social Euglossini (orchid bees). [19] Eusociality in these families is sometimes ...
However, despite the shortcomings of the haplodiploidy hypothesis, it is still considered to have some importance. For example, many bees have female-biased sex ratios and/or invest less in or kill males. Analysis has shown that in Hymenoptera, the ancestral female was monogamous in each of the eight independent cases where eusociality evolved. [2]
Eusociality has evolved in several orders of insects. Common examples of eusociality are from Hymenoptera ( ants , bees , sawflies , and wasps) and Blattodea (infraorder Isoptera , termites), but some Coleoptera (such as the beetle Austroplatypus incompertus ), Hemiptera (bugs such as Pemphigus spyrothecae ), and Thysanoptera (thrips) are ...
Halictidae is the second-largest family of bees [1] (clade Anthophila) with nearly 4,500 species. [2] They are commonly called sweat bees (especially the smaller species), as they are often attracted to perspiration. [3] [4] Halictid species are an extremely diverse group that can vary greatly in appearance.
The term eusocial (truly social) was first used by Batra in 1966 to describe the most social form of nesting behaviour she observed in halictid bees in India. She outlined sub-social or solitary behaviour, colonial or communal behaviour, semisocial behaviour, and finally eusocial: "in which the nest-founding parent survives to cooperate with a group of her mature daughters, with division of ...
Within the insect order Hymenoptera, the Halictinae are the largest, most diverse, and most recently diverged of the four halictid subfamilies. [2] They comprise over 2400 bee species belonging to the five taxonomic tribes Augochlorini, Thrinchostomini, Caenohalictini, Sphecodini, and Halictini, which some entomologists alternatively organize into the two tribes Augochlorini and Halictini.
Bees are winged insects closely related to wasps and ants, ... so it is likely that haplodiploidy contributed to the evolution of eusociality in bees. ...
These late bees were reproductive females and males, the females of which would overwinter after mating. [8] Halictus confusus nests in aggregations and exhibits a primitive form of eusociality, with castes that are behaviorally distinct but not morphologically different.