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Layers of Pascal's pyramid derived from coefficients in an upside-down ternary plot of the terms in the expansions of the powers of a trinomial – the number of terms is clearly a triangular number. In mathematics, a trinomial expansion is the expansion of a power of a sum of three terms into monomials. The expansion is given by
The derivative of a cubic function is a quadratic function. A cubic function with real coefficients has either one or three real roots (which may not be distinct); [1] all odd-degree polynomials with real coefficients have at least one real root. The graph of a cubic function always has a single inflection point.
The intersection of the vertical line on the x-axis at the center of the circle is happenstance of the example illustrated. For solving the cubic equation x 3 + m 2 x = n where n > 0, Omar Khayyám constructed the parabola y = x 2 /m, the circle that has as a diameter the line segment [0, n/m 2] on the positive x-axis, and a vertical line ...
For instance, the polynomial x 2 + 3x + 2 is an example of this type of trinomial with n = 1. The solution a 1 = −2 and a 2 = −1 of the above system gives the trinomial factorization: x 2 + 3x + 2 = (x + a 1)(x + a 2) = (x + 2)(x + 1). The same result can be provided by Ruffini's rule, but with a more complex and time-consuming process.
Polynomials of degree one, two or three are respectively linear polynomials, quadratic polynomials and cubic polynomials. [8] For higher degrees, the specific names are not commonly used, although quartic polynomial (for degree four) and quintic polynomial (for degree five) are sometimes used. The names for the degrees may be applied to the ...
For example, the polynomial +, which can also be written as +, has three terms. The first term has a degree of 5 (the sum of the powers 2 and 3), the second term has a degree of 1, and the last term has a degree of 0. Therefore, the polynomial has a degree of 5, which is the highest degree of any term.
An example of a more complicated (although small enough to be written here) solution is the unique real root of x 5 − 5x + 12 = 0. Let a = √ 2φ −1, b = √ 2φ, and c = 4 √ 5, where φ = 1+ √ 5 / 2 is the golden ratio. Then the only real solution x = −1.84208... is given by
Watt's curve, which arose in the context of early work on the steam engine, is a sextic in two variables.. One method of solving the cubic equation involves transforming variables to obtain a sextic equation having terms only of degrees 6, 3, and 0, which can be solved as a quadratic equation in the cube of the variable.