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In accounting, a basis of accounting is a method used to define, recognise, and report financial transactions. [1] The two primary bases of accounting are the cash basis of accounting, or cash accounting, method and the accrual accounting method. A third method, the modified cash basis, combines elements of both accrual and cash accounting.
Financial analysts can also use percentage analysis which involves reducing a series of figures as a percentage of some base amount. [1] For example, a group of items can be expressed as a percentage of net income. When proportionate changes in the same figure over a given time period expressed as a percentage is known as horizontal analysis. [2]
Income-tax-basis financial statements. Cash-basis and modified-cash-basis financial statements. Financial statements prepared using definitive criteria having substantial support in accounting literature that the preparer applies to all material items appearing in the statements (such as the price level basis of accounting).
Management discussion and analysis or MD&A is an integrated part of a company's annual financial statements. The purpose of the MD&A is to provide a narrative explanation, through the eyes of management, of how an entity has performed in the past, its financial condition, and its future prospects.
For example, if a particular corn futures contract is trading at $3.50, while the current market price of the commodity today is $3.10, there is a 40-cent cost basis.
Balance sheet substantiation is the accounting process conducted by businesses on a regular basis to confirm that the balances held in the primary accounting system of record (e.g. SAP, Oracle, other ERP system's General Ledger) are reconciled (in balance with) with the balance and transaction records held in the same or supporting sub-systems.
Financial statement analysis (or just financial analysis) is the process of reviewing and analyzing a company's financial statements to make better economic decisions to earn income in future. These statements include the income statement , balance sheet , statement of cash flows , notes to accounts and a statement of changes in equity (if ...
Cash and accrual basis – The two primary accounting methods of the cash basis and the accruals basis (the difference being primarily one of timing) are used in three environments: in economics, to calculate US public debt, [1] in financial reporting, as well in tax environment, in order to calculate taxable income for U.S. federal income ...