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  2. Personification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personification

    The long poem Liberty by the Scottish James Thomson (1734), is a lengthy monologue spoken by the "Goddess of Liberty", describing her travels through the ancient world, and then English and British history, before the resolution of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 confirms her position there. [62]

  3. Figure of speech - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_of_speech

    Tropes (from Greek trepein, 'to turn') change the general meaning of words. An example of a trope is irony, which is the use of words to convey the opposite of their usual meaning ("For Brutus is an honorable man; / So are they all, all honorable men"). During the Renaissance, scholars meticulously enumerated and classified figures of speech.

  4. Glossary of literary terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_literary_terms

    Also apophthegm. A terse, pithy saying, akin to a proverb, maxim, or aphorism. aposiopesis A rhetorical device in which speech is broken off abruptly and the sentence is left unfinished. apostrophe A figure of speech in which a speaker breaks off from addressing the audience (e.g., in a play) and directs speech to a third party such as an opposing litigant or some other individual, sometimes ...

  5. Pathetic fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathetic_fallacy

    It is a kind of personification that occurs in poetic descriptions, when, for example, clouds seem sullen, when leaves dance, or when rocks seem indifferent. The English cultural critic John Ruskin coined the term in the third volume of his work Modern Painters (1856). [2] [3] [4]

  6. Literal and figurative language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_and_figurative...

    An idiom is an expression that has a figurative meaning often related, but different from the literal meaning of the phrase. Example: You should keep your eye out for him. A pun is an expression intended for a humorous or rhetorical effect by exploiting different meanings of words. Example: I wondered why the ball was getting bigger. Then it ...

  7. Hypallage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypallage

    Hypallage (/ h aɪ ˈ p æ l ə dʒ iː /; from the Greek: ὑπαλλαγή, hypallagḗ, "interchange, exchange") is a figure of speech in which the syntactic relationship between two terms is interchanged, [1] or – more frequently – a modifier is syntactically linked to an item other than the one that it modifies semantically. [2]

  8. National personification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_personification

    A national personification is an anthropomorphic personification of a state or the people(s) it inhabits. It may appear in political cartoons and propaganda . In the first personifications in the Western World , warrior deities or figures symbolizing wisdom were used (for example the goddess Athena in ancient Greece), to indicate the strength ...

  9. Simile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simile

    A simile (/ ˈ s ɪ m əl i /) is a type of figure of speech that directly compares two things. [1] [2] Similes are often contrasted with metaphors, where similes necessarily compare two things using words such as "like", "as", while metaphors often create an implicit comparison (i.e. saying something "is" something else).