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  2. Static electricity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricity

    Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. The charge remains until it can move away by an electric current or electrical discharge. The word "static" is used to differentiate it from current electricity, where an electric charge flows through an electrical conductor. [1]

  3. Electrostatics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatics

    Gauss's law [9] [10] states that "the total electric flux through any closed surface in free space of any shape drawn in an electric field is proportional to the total electric charge enclosed by the surface." Many numerical problems can be solved by considering a Gaussian surface around a body. Mathematically, Gauss's law takes the form of an ...

  4. Maxwell's equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell's_equations

    Electric field from positive to negative charges. Gauss's law describes the relationship between an electric field and electric charges: an electric field points away from positive charges and towards negative charges, and the net outflow of the electric field through a closed surface is proportional to the enclosed charge, including bound charge due to polarization of material.

  5. Ohm's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law

    Ohm's law states that the electric current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance, [1] one arrives at the three mathematical equations used to describe this relationship: [2]

  6. Sources of electrical energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sources_of_electrical_energy

    Friction is the least-used of the six methods of producing energy. If a cloth rubs against an object, the object will display an effect called friction electricity. The object becomes charged due to the rubbing process, and now possesses an static electrical charge, hence it is also called static electricity. There are two main types of ...

  7. Voltage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage

    Voltage, also known as (electrical) potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points. [1] [2] In a static electric field, it corresponds to the work needed per unit of charge to move a positive test charge from the first point to the second point.

  8. Electrostatic generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_generator

    Electrostatic machines are typically used in science classrooms to safely demonstrate electrical forces and high voltage phenomena. The elevated potential differences achieved have been also used for a variety of practical applications, such as operating X-ray tubes, particle accelerators, spectroscopy, medical applications, sterilization of food, and nuclear physics experiments.

  9. Triboelectric effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triboelectric_effect

    [16] [18] He discovered that many more materials than amber such as sulphur, wax, glass could produce static electricity when rubbed, and that moisture prevented electrification. Others such as Sir Thomas Browne made important contributions slightly later, both in terms of materials and the first use of the word electricity in Pseudodoxia ...

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