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A sphere of radius r has surface area 4πr 2.. The surface area (symbol A) of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. [1] The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with ...
Scratches, represented by triangular-shaped grooves, make the surface area greater. Specific surface area (SSA) is a property of solids defined as the total surface area (SA) of a material per unit mass, [1] (with units of m 2 /kg or m 2 /g). Alternatively, it may be defined as SA per solid or bulk volume [2] [3] (units of m 2 /m 3 or m −1).
Accessible surface area is often used when calculating the transfer free energy required to move a biomolecule from an aqueous solvent to a non-polar solvent, such as a lipid environment. The LCPO method is also used when calculating implicit solvent effects in the molecular dynamics software package AMBER .
BET theory can be applied to estimate the specific surface area of activated carbon from experimental data, demonstrating a large specific surface area, even around 3000 m 2 /g. [13] However, this surface area is largely overestimated due to enhanced adsorption in micropores, [ 6 ] and more realistic methods should be used for its estimation ...
A simple application of dimensional analysis to mathematics is in computing the form of the volume of an n-ball (the solid ball in n dimensions), or the area of its surface, the n-sphere: being an n-dimensional figure, the volume scales as x n, while the surface area, being (n − 1)-dimensional, scales as x n−1.
The surface energy of a liquid may be measured by stretching a liquid membrane (which increases the surface area and hence the surface energy). In that case, in order to increase the surface area of a mass of liquid by an amount, δA, a quantity of work, γ δA, is needed (where γ is the surface energy density of the liquid).
Graphs of surface area, A against volume, V of the Platonic solids and a sphere, showing that the surface area decreases for rounder shapes, and the surface-area-to-volume ratio decreases with increasing volume. Their intercepts with the dashed lines show that when the volume increases 8 (2³) times, the surface area increases 4 (2²) times.
The term "minimal surface" is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surface area subject to some constraint. Physical models of area-minimizing minimal surfaces can be made by dipping a wire frame into a soap solution, forming a soap film, which is a