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Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is different from chemical thermodynamics , which deals with the direction in which a reaction occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate.
AP Chemistry is a course geared toward students with interests in chemical biologies, as well as any of the biological sciences. The course aims to prepare students to take the AP Chemistry exam toward the end of the academic year. AP Chemistry covers most introductory general chemistry topics (excluding organic chemistry), including: Reactions
where A and B are reactants C is a product a, b, and c are stoichiometric coefficients,. the reaction rate is often found to have the form: = [] [] Here is the reaction rate constant that depends on temperature, and [A] and [B] are the molar concentrations of substances A and B in moles per unit volume of solution, assuming the reaction is taking place throughout the volume of the ...
Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur. The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents.
The steady state approximation, [1] occasionally called the stationary-state approximation or Bodenstein's quasi-steady state approximation, involves setting the rate of change of a reaction intermediate in a reaction mechanism equal to zero so that the kinetic equations can be simplified by setting the rate of formation of the intermediate equal to the rate of its destruction.
In organic chemistry, kinetic resolution is a means of differentiating two enantiomers in a racemic mixture.In kinetic resolution, two enantiomers react with different reaction rates in a chemical reaction with a chiral catalyst or reagent, resulting in an enantioenriched sample of the less reactive enantiomer. [1]
Another example is the unimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S N 1) reaction in organic chemistry, where it is the first, rate-determining step that is unimolecular. A specific case is the basic hydrolysis of tert-butyl bromide (t-C 4 H 9 Br) by aqueous sodium hydroxide. The mechanism has two steps (where R denotes the tert-butyl radical t-C ...
In physical organic chemistry, a free-energy relationship or Gibbs energy relation relates the logarithm of a reaction rate constant or equilibrium constant for one series of chemical reactions with the logarithm of the rate or equilibrium constant for a related series of reactions. [1]