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Sapphire is one of the two gem-varieties of corundum, the other being ruby (defined as corundum in a shade of red). Although blue is the best-known sapphire color, it occurs in other colors, including gray and black, and also can be colorless. A pinkish orange variety of sapphire is called padparadscha.
A rare type of sapphire, padparadscha sapphire, is pink-orange. The name "corundum" is derived from the Tamil-Dravidian word kurundam (ruby-sapphire) (appearing in Sanskrit as kuruvinda). [8] [9] Because of corundum's hardness (pure corundum is defined to have 9.0 on the Mohs scale), it can scratch almost all other minerals.
A rare type of sapphire, padparadscha sapphire, is pink-orange. The name "corundum" is derived from the Tamil - Dravidian word kurundam (ruby-sapphire) (appearing in Sanskrit as kuruvinda ). Because of corundum's hardness (pure corundum is defined to have 9.0 on the Mohs scale ), it can scratch almost all other minerals.
Gem quality hibonite has been found only in Myanmar. [73] Red Beryl - discovered in 1940. Red beryl or bixbite was discovered in an area near Beaver, Utah in 1904 and named after the American mineralogist Maynard Bixby. Jeremejevite was discovered in 1883 in Russia and named after its discoverer, Pawel Wladimirowich Jeremejew (1830–1899).
They are led to an enormous abandoned Kindergarten where the Rutile Twins call out the other Gems in hiding: a fusion named Rhodonite (Enuka Okuma), who is fearful that they have been followed; an orange Sapphire called Padparadscha (Erica Luttrell), who can only predict the "future" after it has already occurred; and a large fusion called ...
"The Grand Sapphire of Louis XIV and The Ruspoli Sapphire". Gems & Gemology. 51 (4). Gemological Institute of America. ISSN 0016-626X; Gemological Institute of America (2019). "sapphire". Gemological Institute of America; Howard, Bill (December 2, 2011). "The rush job from Hell".
In 1986, California named benitoite as its state gemstone, a form of the mineral barium titanium silicate that is unique to the Golden State and only found in gem quality in San Benito County. [ 80 ] ^ Colorado is the only state whose geological symbols reflect the national flag's colors: red (rhodochrosite), white (yule marble), and blue ...
The Verneuil method (or Verneuil process or Verneuil technique), also called flame fusion, was the first commercially successful method of manufacturing synthetic gemstones, developed in the late 1883 [1] by the French chemist Auguste Verneuil.