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These large cells from the epidermis of a red onion are naturally pigmented. The epidermal cells of onions provide a protective layer against viruses and fungi that may harm the sensitive tissues. Because of their simple structure and transparency they are often used to introduce students to plant anatomy [1] or to demonstrate plasmolysis. [2]
The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that comprise the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. [1] The epidermal layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens [2] and regulates the amount of water released from the body into the atmosphere through transepidermal water loss.
The epidermal tissue includes several differentiated cell types: epidermal cells, guard cells, subsidiary cells, and epidermal hairs . The epidermal cells are the most numerous, largest, and least specialized. These are typically more elongated in the leaves of monocots than in those of dicots. Diagram of moderate scale leaf anatomy
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This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:Red onion cut.jpg licensed with PD-self . 2008-01-09T08:59:01Z Amada44 1580x2596 (1079400 Bytes) different color profile
An onion (Allium cepa L., from Latin cepa meaning "onion"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. The shallot is a botanical variety of the onion which was classified as a separate species until 2011.
Plant Anatomy Laboratory from University of Texas; the lab of JD Mauseth. Micrographs of plant cells and tissues, with explanatory text. Schoof, Heiko; Lenhard, M; Haecker, A; Mayer, KF; Jürgens, G; Laux, T (2000). "Arabidopsis shoot meristems is maintained by a regulatory loop between Clavata and Wuschel genes". Cell. 100 (6): 635– 644.
The epidermis, "epi" coming from the Greek language meaning "over" or "upon", is the outermost layer of the skin. It forms the waterproof, protective wrap over the body's surface, which also serves as a barrier to infection and is made up of stratified squamous epithelium with an underlying basal lamina.