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SugarBee (CN121) [1] is an apple cultivar grown in the elevated orchards of Washington state. The variety was discovered by Chuck Nystrom in the early 1990s and developed in Minnesota, and is believed to be the result of an accidental cross-pollination between a Honeycrisp and another, unknown variety. [ 2 ]
The MN55 cultivar apple developed by David Bedford, a senior researcher and research pomologist at the University of Minnesota's apple-breeding program, and James Luby, PhD, professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Horticultural Research Center, is a cross between Honeycrisp and MonArk (AA44), a non-patented apple variety grown in Arkansas.
Trees that are cross-pollinated or pollinated via an insect pollinator produce more fruit than trees with flowers that just self-pollinate. [1] In fruit trees, bees are an essential part of the pollination process for the formation of fruit. [2] Pollination of fruit trees around the world has been highly studied for hundreds of years. [1]
Common reasons for choosing this method include the lack of pollinators, keeping control of cross-pollination between varieties grown together, [1] and creating specific hybrids. [2] Examples of this are vanilla plants, which are transported to areas where its natural pollinator doesn't exist, or plants grown in greenhouses, urban areas, or ...
Plant species where normal mode of seed set is through a high degree of cross-pollination have characteristic reproductive features and population structure. Existence of self-sterility, [1] self-incompatibility, imperfect flowers, and mechanical obstructions make the plant dependent upon foreign pollen for normal seed set. Each plant receives ...
Trademarked as EverCrisp, the MAIA-1 variety is a cross between two existing apple cultivars: the Honeycrisp and Fuji. [2] Originally produced in Ohio , EverCrisp has since expanded to apple-growing regions across the Midwest in Michigan , Illinois and Indiana , in the Northeast in Pennsylvania and New York , and in the Northwest in Washington ...
The increasing size of fields and orchards (monoculture) increase the importance of pollination management.Monoculture can cause a brief period when pollinators have more food resources than they can use (but monofloral diet can reduce their immune system [1]) while other periods of the year can bring starvation or pesticide contamination of food sources.
Rewards commonly take the form of nectar, pollen, or both, but various plants produce oil, [1] resins, [2] scents, [3] or waxes. Such patterns also are known as "pollen guides" and "honey guides", though some authorities argue for the abandonment of such terms in favour of floral guides (see for example Dinkel & Lunau [ 4 ] ).