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Rayon, also called viscose [1] and commercialised in some countries as sabra silk or cactus silk, [2] is a semi-synthetic fiber [3] made from natural sources of regenerated cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products. [4]
The following is a list of countries by textile exports. Data is for 2022, in billions of United States dollars, as reported by The Observatory of Economic Complexity. [1] Currently thirty countries, as of 2022, are listed.
Country Value 1 United States: 5,952 2 Brazil: 3,226 3 India: 1,448 4 Benin: 450 5 Greece: 450 6 Australia: 310 7 Burkina Faso: 262 8 Egypt: 161 9 Turkey: 281 10 Uzbekistan: 146 11 Ivory Coast: 139 12 Tajikistan: 135 13 Azerbaijan: 131 14 Sudan: 123 15 Afghanistan: 131
Developing countries have a natural advantage in textile production because it is labor-intensive and they have low labor costs. According to a World Bank / International Monetary Fund (IMF) study, the system has cost the developing world 27 million jobs and $40 billion a year in lost exports.
Approximately 25 per cent of energy in the total textile production like fibre production, spinning, twisting, weaving, knitting, clothing manufacturing etc. is used in dyeing. About 34 per cent of energy is consumed in spinning, 23 per cent in weaving, 38 per cent in chemical wet processing and five per cent in miscellaneous processes.
Preston – A large rayon production facility, called the Red Scar mill, existed in Preston. The main product was tyre cord. It employed around 4,000 people. It was decommissioned in 1980. [30] Northern Ireland – A rayon facility existed in Carrickfergus, which was designed specifically to make a fibre suitable for the Irish linen industry. [31]
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The American Viscose Company was established in 1909 as the American wing of Courtaulds, a British textile company specializing in silk. [3] The company patented the method of production of viscose (also known as artificial silk, and later, rayon), and built its first United States plant at Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, in 1910. [3]