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  2. Plug flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_flow

    In fluid mechanics, plug flow is a simple model of the velocity profile of a fluid flowing in a pipe. In plug flow, the velocity of the fluid is assumed to be constant across any cross-section of the pipe perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. The plug flow model assumes there is no boundary layer adjacent to the inner wall of the pipe.

  3. Laminar flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flow

    A laminar flow reactor (LFR) is a reactor that uses laminar flow to study chemical reactions and process mechanisms. A laminar flow design for animal husbandry of rats for disease management was developed by Beall et al. 1971 and became a standard around the world [9] including in the then-Eastern Bloc. [10]

  4. Oscillatory baffled reactor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillatory_baffled_reactor

    A standard COBR consists of a 10-150mm ID tube with equally spaced baffles throughout. There are typically two pumps in a COBR; one pump is reciprocating to generate continuous oscillatory flow and a second pump creates net flow through the tube. This design offers a control over mixing intensity that conventional tubular reactors cannot ...

  5. Plug flow reactor model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_flow_reactor_model

    A typical plug flow reactor could be a tube packed with some solid material (frequently a catalyst). Typically these types of reactors are called packed bed reactors or PBR's. Sometimes the tube will be a tube in a shell and tube heat exchanger. When a plug flow model can not be applied, the dispersion model is usually employed. [2] [3]

  6. Laminar flow reactor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flow_reactor

    Compared to turbulent flow, laminar flow tends to have a lower velocity and is generally at a lower Reynolds number. Turbulent flow, on the other hand, is irregular and travels at a higher speed. Therefore the flow velocity of a turbulent flow on one cross section is often assumed to be constant, or "flat". The "non-flat" flow velocity of ...

  7. Reynolds number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds_number

    For flow in a pipe of diameter D, experimental observations show that for "fully developed" flow, [n 2] laminar flow occurs when Re D < 2300 and turbulent flow occurs when Re D > 2900. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] At the lower end of this range, a continuous turbulent-flow will form, but only at a very long distance from the inlet of the pipe.

  8. Flow separation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_separation

    A reasonable assessment of whether the boundary layer will be laminar or turbulent can be made by calculating the Reynolds number of the local flow conditions. Separation occurs in flow that is slowing down, with pressure increasing, after passing the thickest part of a streamline body or passing through a widening passage, for example.

  9. Eddy (fluid dynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_(fluid_dynamics)

    Reynolds Experiment (1883). Osborne Reynolds standing beside his apparatus. In 1883, scientist Osborne Reynolds conducted a fluid dynamics experiment involving water and dye, where he adjusted the velocities of the fluids and observed the transition from laminar to turbulent flow, characterized by the formation of eddies and vortices. [5]