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Movement disorders are clinical syndromes with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity. [1] Movement disorders present with extrapyramidal symptoms and are caused by basal ganglia disease . [ 2 ]
Repetitive strain injury (RSI) and associative trauma orders are umbrella terms used to refer to several discrete conditions that can be associated with repetitive tasks, forceful exertions, vibrations, mechanical compression, sustained or awkward positions, or repetitive eccentric contractions.
The acute rupture occurs in collisions when the elbow is in flexion such as that in a wrestling match or a tackle in football. The ulnar collateral ligament distributes over fifty percent of the medial support of the elbow. [16] [17] This can result in an UCL injury or a dislocated elbow causing severe damage to the elbow and the radioulnar joints.
Tendons and ligaments play an active role in maintain joint stability and controls the limits of joint movements, once injured tendons and ligaments detrimentally impact motor functions. [2] [8] Continuous exercise or movement of a musculoskeletal injury can result in chronic inflammation with progression to permanent damage or disability. [9]
Tendinopathy is a type of tendon disorder that results in pain, swelling, and impaired function. [2] The pain is typically worse with movement. [2] It most commonly occurs around the shoulder (rotator cuff tendinitis, biceps tendinitis), elbow (tennis elbow, golfer's elbow), wrist, hip, knee (jumper's knee, popliteus tendinopathy), or ankle (Achilles tendinitis).
Resistance to externally imposed ("passive") joint movements, such as when a doctor flexes a patient's arm at the elbow joint. [9] It does not depend on imposed speed and can be elicited at very low speeds of passive movement in both directions. Cogwheel rigidity and leadpipe rigidity are two types identified with Parkinson's disease:
Joint instability and soft tissue injuries: Dislocations, subluxations, or damage to muscles, ligaments, tendons, synovium, or cartilage as a result of excessive joint movement. Chronic pain : Recurrent joint pain that can develop into hyperalgesia , with a higher rate of small fiber neuropathy in some individuals.
Elbow pain, pain with elbow movement, or pain at the elbow with wrist movement. Burning sensation in the forearm. Diminished grip strength. Treatment: Rest, ice, physical therapy, steroids, and NSAIDs. Prognosis: Usually well managed with conservative treatment within 6-12 months depending on duration and severity of symptoms.