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The SQL CASE expression is a generalization of the ternary operator. Instead of one conditional and two results, n conditionals and n+1 results can be specified. With one conditional it is equivalent (although more verbose) to the ternary operator:
SQL has the case expression, which ... CASE n WHEN 1 THEN 'One' WHEN 2 THEN 'Two ... Oracle and MySQL) and ROUND (Informix, SQLite, Sybase, Oracle, PostgreSQL ...
Oracle CASE 1 Oracle CASE 2 Oracle CASE 3 Oracle CASE 4 Oracle CASE 5 - developed using SQL*Forms 3 character mode screens Oracle CASE 5.1 was a major redevelopment where the screens were redeveloped using the Oracle Forms 4.0 which provided a GUI interface The version numbers get confusing at this point because the numbers go backwards.
In addition to basic equality and inequality conditions, SQL allows for more complex conditional logic through constructs such as CASE, COALESCE, and NULLIF.The CASE expression, for example, enables SQL to perform conditional branching within queries, providing a mechanism to return different values based on evaluated conditions.
PL/SQL refers to a class as an "Abstract Data Type" (ADT) or "User Defined Type" (UDT), and defines it as an Oracle SQL data-type as opposed to a PL/SQL user-defined type, allowing its use in both the Oracle SQL Engine and the Oracle PL/SQL engine. The constructor and methods of an Abstract Data Type are written in PL/SQL.
The DUAL table is a special one-row, one-column table present by default in Oracle and other database installations. In Oracle, the table has a single VARCHAR2(1) column called DUMMY that has a value of 'X'. It is suitable for use in selecting a pseudo column such as SYSDATE or USER.
where the Oracle user scott has the password tiger. SQL Plus then presents a prompt with the default form of: SQL> Interactive use can then start by entering a SQL statement (terminated by a semicolon), a PL/SQL block, or another command. For example:
Later it was used to refer to a subset of Structured Query Language (SQL) for declaring tables, columns, data types and constraints. SQL-92 introduced a schema manipulation language and schema information tables to query schemas. [2] These information tables were specified as SQL/Schemata in SQL:2003.