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Parallel rule in plastic with aluminum arms lying on a cutting mat. Parallel rulers are a drafting instrument used by navigators to draw parallel lines on charts. The tool consists of two straight edges joined by two arms which allow them to move closer or further away while always remaining parallel to each other.
Keuffel & Esser Arrow Beam Compass Set for Drafting. A draftsman's beam compass consists of a set of points and holders, mounted on a plated brass, aluminum, or German 'silver' [2] [3] rod. One end is generally locked down at the end of the rod, while the other has both rough and fine adjustments, though some are opposite in construction.
Nautical almanac used to determine the position in the sky of a celestial body after a sight has been taken. Parallel rules used for transferring a line to a parallel position. Also used to compare the orientation of a line to a magnetic or geographic orientation on a compass rose .
The circle was a 32-wind compass rose (or gathering of rhumb-lines). The circle was inscribed with an 8 × 8 square grid. The compass rose in the center can be overlooked – indeed, the circle itself can be ignored, as it seems to have no other purpose than the construction of the rays that run across the grid. [27]
Spencer, Browning & Rust was a London firm that manufactured instruments for navigational use during the 18th and 19th centuries. The predecessor company of Spencer and Browning was established by William Spencer and Samuel Browning in 1778, before they entered into partnership with Ebenezer Rust in 1784.
A beam compass and a regular compass Using a compass A compass with an extension accessory for larger circles A bow compass capable of drawing the smallest possible circles. A compass, also commonly known as a pair of compasses, is a technical drawing instrument that can be used for inscribing circles or arcs.
A pre-Mercator nautical chart of 1571, from Portuguese cartographer Fernão Vaz Dourado (c. 1520–c. 1580). It belongs to the so-called plane chart model, where observed latitudes and magnetic directions are plotted directly into the plane, with a constant scale, as if the Earth were plane (Portuguese National Archives of Torre do Tombo, Lisbon).
A rolling ruler can draw straight, parallel lines, and also has other instruments included, enabling it to do the jobs of a protractor and compass. [1] [2] The modern rolling ruler, with protractor, pivot pin and multiple pin holes serving as fixed length compasses has been patented in the US in 1991 by Wei Wang. [3]
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