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An ongoing dispute concerns the identity of the second male Muslim, that is, the first male who accepted the teachings of Muhammad. [3] [2] Shia and some Sunni sources identify him as Muhammad's cousin, Ali ibn Abi Talib, aged between nine and eleven at the time. [4] For instance, this is reported by the Sunni historian Ibn Hisham (d.
First Muslim Female convert: Khadija [5] 610 [5] When Muhammad reported his first revelation from the Angel Gabriel , Khadija was the first female and first person to convert to Islam. However, Shia Muslims claim Ali was the first to convert to Islam. Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [5] 3. First Muslim Male convert: Ali Ibn Abi Talib [6] 610 [6]
The following is a list of internationally recognized Muslim scholars of medieval Islamic civilization who have been described as the father or the founder of a field by some modern scholars: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi: Father of Modern Surgery [1] and the Father of Operative Surgery. [2] Ibn al-Nafis: Father of Circulatory Physiology and Anatomy.
William Henry Quilliam (10 April 1856 [1] [2] [3] – 23 April 1932), who changed his name to Abdullah Quilliam and later Henri Marcel Leon or Haroun Mustapha Leon, was a 19th-century British convert from Christianity to Islam, noted for founding England's first mosque and Islamic centre, and Britain's oldest Muslim organization, the Association of British Muslims.
Abbas ibn Firnas was born in Ronda, in the Takurunna province and lived in Córdoba. [7] His ancestors participated in the Muslim conquest of Spain. [8] His full name was "Abu al-Qasim Abbas ibn Firnas ibn Wirdas al-Takurini", although he is better known as Abbas ibn Firnas. There is very little biographical information on him.
The first Muslim ruler to form an army of slave soldiers, before the Abbasid Caliphs, seems to have been Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab (800–812), founder of the Aghlabids of Ifriqiya, where there was already a large population of agricultural slaves and access to extensive slave trading networks across the Sahara Desert.
According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, he was born around 175 AH/790 into a family of mawali of the caliph al-Mahdi. [5] His ethnic origin is unclear. Based on his appearance and background, different sources suggest him to be of Persian , [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Kurdish , [ 9 ] Sindi , [ 10 ] [ 11 ] African , or mixed Arab-African descent.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.