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The solver must cut out the three rectangles and reassemble the pieces so that the two jockeys appear to be riding the two donkeys. Famous Trick Donkeys is a puzzle invented by Sam Loyd in 1858, [1] first printed on a card supposed to promote P.T. Barnum's circus. At that time, the puzzle was first called "P.T. Barnum's trick mules". [2]
A problem set, sometimes shortened as pset, [1] is a teaching tool used by many universities. Most courses in physics, math, engineering, chemistry, and computer science will give problem sets on a regular basis. [2] They can also appear in other subjects, such as economics.
Dominating set, a.k.a. domination number [3]: GT2 NP-complete special cases include the edge dominating set problem, i.e., the dominating set problem in line graphs. NP-complete variants include the connected dominating set problem and the maximum leaf spanning tree problem. [3]: ND2 Feedback vertex set [2] [3]: GT7
For example, in detecting a dissimilar coin in three weighings ( = ), the maximum number of coins that can be analyzed is = .Note that with weighings and coins, it is not always possible to determine the nature of the last coin (whether it is heavier or lighter than the rest), but only that the other coins are all the same, implying that the last coin is the ...
The transformations of the 15 puzzle form a groupoid (not a group, as not all moves can be composed); [12] [13] [14] this groupoid acts on configurations. Because the combinations of the 15 puzzle can be generated by 3-cycles , it can be proved that the 15 puzzle can be represented by the alternating group A 15 {\displaystyle A_{15}} . [ 15 ]
There are 92 solutions. The problem was first posed in the mid-19th century. In the modern era, it is often used as an example problem for various computer programming techniques. The eight queens puzzle is a special case of the more general n queens problem of placing n non-attacking queens on an n×n chessboard.
The Wason selection task (or four-card problem) is a logic puzzle devised by Peter Cathcart Wason in 1966. [1] [2] [3] It is one of the most famous tasks in the study of deductive reasoning. [4] An example of the puzzle is: You are shown a set of four cards placed on a table, each of which has a number on one side and a color on the other.
[12] The no-three-in-line problem also has applications to another problem in discrete geometry, the Heilbronn triangle problem. In this problem, one must place points, anywhere in a unit square, not restricted to a grid. The goal of the placement is to avoid small-area triangles, and more specifically to maximize the area of the smallest ...