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The calculated CT value is the product of the disinfectant residual (in mg/L) and the detention time (in minutes), through the section at peak hourly flow. [5] These tables express the required CT values to achieve a desired removal of microorganisms of interest in drinking water (e.g. Giardia lamblia cysts) for a given disinfectant under ...
Two criteria to determine the C q are used by different thermocyclers: threshold cycle (C t) is the number of cycles required for the fluorescent signal to cross a given value threshold. Usually, the threshold is set above the baseline, about 10 times the standard deviation of the noise of the baseline, [ 1 ] to avoid random effects on the C t .
PCR tests by nasopharyngeal swab have a sensitivity of 73%, but systematic analysis of specificity has not been determined due to the lack of PCR studies with a control group. [ 185 ] In one study sensitivity was highest at week one (100%), followed by 89.3%, 66.1%, 32.1%, 5.4% and zero by week six since symptom onset.
Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) is a method of dPCR in which a 20 microliter sample reaction including assay primers and either Taqman probes or an intercalating dye, is divided into ~20,000 nanoliter-sized oil droplets through a water-oil emulsion technique, thermocycled to endpoint in a 96-well PCR plate, and fluorescence amplitude read for all ...
A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR, or qPCR when used quantitatively) is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It monitors the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR (i.e., in real time), not at its end, as in conventional PCR.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) primers [1] Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) product [1]. In LAMP, the target sequence is amplified at a constant temperature of 60–65 °C (140–149 °F) using either two or three sets of primers and a polymerase like Bst Klenow fragment with high strand displacement activity in addition to a replication activity.
A master mix is a mixture containing precursors and enzymes used as an ingredient in polymerase chain reaction techniques in molecular biology. Such mixtures contain a mixture dNTPs (required as a substrate for the building of new DNA strands), MgCl 2, Taq polymerase (an enzyme required to building new DNA strands), a pH buffer and come mixed in nuclease-free water.
Vectorette PCR is a variation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) designed in 1988. [1] The original PCR was created and also patented during the 1980s. [ 2 ] Vectorette PCR was first noted and described in an article in 1990 by John H. Riley and his team. [ 3 ]