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Tubal factor infertility (TFI) is female infertility caused by diseases, obstructions, damage, scarring, congenital malformations or other factors which impede the descent of a fertilized or unfertilized ovum into the uterus through the fallopian tubes and prevents a normal pregnancy and full term birth.
Human genetic variants that likely cause dysregulation of critical meiotic processes have been identified in 14 female infertility associated genes. [53] A major cause of female infertility is premature ovarian insufficiency. [54] This insufficiency is a heterogeneous disease that affects about 1% of women who are under the age of 40. [54]
The lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is a method of avoiding pregnancy based on the natural postpartum infertility that occurs when a woman is amenorrheic and fully breastfeeding. The rules of the method help a woman identify and possibly lengthen her infertile period.
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility.This subject involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, and the use of fertility medication.
As of 2015, the national fertility rate among Indian females is 2.2 children per female, which is approximately 3 times less than India's national fertility rate in the 1960s. [95] This shift in national fertility rate may also reflect a marked change in family planning practices within India.
Male infertility is responsible for 20–30% of infertility cases, while 20–35% are due to female infertility, and 25–40% are due to combined problems in both partners. [29] [5] In 10–20% of cases, no cause is found. [5] The most common cause of female infertility are ovulation problems, usually manifested by scanty or absent menstrual ...
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is a tool of assisted reproductive technology against infertility.Eggs are removed from a woman's ovaries, and placed in one of the fallopian tubes, along with the man's sperm.
Chronic anovulation is a common cause of infertility. In addition to the alteration of menstrual periods and infertility, chronic anovulation can cause or exacerbate other long-term problems, such as hyperandrogenism or osteopenia. It plays a central role in the multiple imbalances and dysfunctions of polycystic ovary syndrome.