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The neutral axis is an axis in the cross section of a beam ... Arches also have a neutral axis if they are made of stone; stone is an inelastic medium, and has little ...
The neutral line (also called the Neutral axis) is an imaginary profile that can be drawn through a cross-section of the workpiece that represents the locus where no tensile or compressive stress are present but shear stresses are at their maximum.
An evenly loaded beam, bending (sagging) under load. The neutral plane is shown by the dotted line. In mechanics, the neutral plane or neutral surface is a conceptual plane within a beam or cantilever. When loaded by a bending force, the beam bends so that the inner surface is in compression and the outer surface is in tension.
Next, suppose that the material is also subjected to bending forces. The max tensile stress equation of bending is = /, where is the bending moment, is the distance from the neutral axis, and is the moment of inertia. This is shown in Figure 2.
where is the Young's modulus, is the area moment of inertia of the cross-section, (,) is the deflection of the neutral axis of the beam, and is mass per unit length of the beam. Free vibrations [ edit ]
In the beam equation, the variable I represents the second moment of area or moment of inertia: it is the sum, along the axis, of dA·r 2, where r is the distance from the neutral axis and dA is a small patch of area. It measures not only the total area of the beam section, but the square of each patch's distance from the axis.
This observation is the basis of the I-beam cross-section; the neutral axis runs along the center of the web which can be relatively thin and most of the material can be concentrated in the flanges. The ideal beam is the one with the least cross-sectional area (and hence requiring the least material) needed to achieve a given section modulus .
An equivalent definition for shear flow is the shear force V per unit length of the perimeter around a thin-walled section. Shear flow has the dimensions of force per unit of length. [ 1 ] This corresponds to units of newtons per meter in the SI system and pound-force per foot in the US.