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The First Epistle of John stands out from the others due to its form, but they're united by language, style, contents, themes, and worldview. [9] The Second and Third Epistles of John are composed as regular greco-roman letters, with greetings and endings, while the First Epistle of John lacks such characteristic markings and instead resembles a sermon or an exhoratory speech.
The epistle's content, language and conceptual style are very similar to the Gospel of John, 2 John, and 3 John. [3] Thus, at the end of the 19th century scholar Ernest DeWitt Burton wrote that there could be "no reasonable doubt" that 1 John and the gospel were written by the same author.
A Syriac Christian rendition of St. John the Evangelist, from the Rabbula Gospels, 6th century. Johannine literature is traditionally considered to include the following works: [2] The Gospel of John; The Johannine epistles. The First Epistle of John; The Second Epistle of John; The Third Epistle of John; The Book of Revelation
The majority of scholars see four sections in the Gospel of John: a prologue (1:1–18); an account of the ministry, often called the "Book of Signs" (1:19–12:50); the account of Jesus's final night with his disciples and the passion and resurrection, sometimes called the Book of Glory [33] or Book of Exaltation (13:1–20:31); [34] and a ...
In the case of Revelation, many modern scholars agree that it was written by a separate author, John of Patmos, c. 95, with some parts possibly dating to Nero's reign in the early 60s. [2] [12] El Greco's c. 1605 painting Saint John the Evangelist shows the traditional author of the Johannine works as a young man.
John 21:24 claims that the Gospel of John is based on the written testimony of the "Beloved Disciple". The authorship of some Johannine literature has been debated since about the year 200. [54] [55] In his 4th century Ecclesiastical History, Eusebius says that the First Epistle of John and the Gospel of John are widely agreed upon as his ...
One theory is that the letter refers to Mary, mother of Jesus; Jesus had entrusted his "beloved disciple" with Mary's life when Jesus was on the cross (John 19:26–27). The children would thus refer to the brothers of Jesus : James , Joses , Simon and Jude , and the sister to Mary's sister mentioned in John 19:25 .
The Acts of John refers to a collection of stories about John the Apostle that began circulating in written form as early as the 2nd-century AD. Translations of the Acts of John in modern languages have been reconstructed by scholars from a number of manuscripts of later date. The Acts of John are generally classified as New Testament apocrypha.