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watch is a command-line tool, part of the Linux procps and procps-ng packages, that runs the specified command repeatedly and displays the results on standard output so the user can watch it change over time. By default, the command is run every two seconds, although this is adjustable with the -n secs argument.
pstree is a Linux command that shows the running processes as a tree [1] [2] [3]. It is used as a more visual alternative to the ps command. The root of the tree is either init or the process with the given pid. It can also be installed in other Unix systems. In BSD systems, a similar output is created using ps -d, in Linux ps axjf [4] produces ...
A pipeline of three program processes run on a text terminal In Unix-like computer operating systems , a pipeline is a mechanism for inter-process communication using message passing. A pipeline is a set of processes chained together by their standard streams , so that the output text of each process ( stdout ) is passed directly as input ...
The pcregrep command is an implementation of grep that uses Perl regular expression syntax. [17] Similar functionality can be invoked in the GNU version of grep with the -P flag. [18] Ports of grep (within Cygwin and GnuWin32, for example) also run under Microsoft Windows. Some versions of Windows feature the similar qgrep or findstr command. [19]
On such systems, ps commonly runs with the non-standard options aux, where "a" lists all processes on a terminal, including those of other users, "x" lists all processes without controlling terminals and "u" adds a column for the controlling user for each process. For maximum compatibility, there is no "-" in front of the "aux". "ps auxww ...
Microsoft Windows file shortcuts have the ability to store the working directory. COMMAND.COM in DR-DOS 7.02 and higher provides ECHOS, a variant of the ECHO command omitting the terminating linefeed. [4] [3] This can be used to create a temporary batchjob storing the working directory in an environment variable like CD for later use, for example:
Alternatives to prevent jobs from being terminated include nohup and using a terminal multiplexer. A job running in the foreground can be stopped by typing the suspend character . This sends the "terminal stop" signal (SIGTSTP) to the process group. By default, SIGTSTP causes processes receiving it to stop, and control is returned to the shell.
Output of dmesg viewed with grep. The output of dmesg can amount to many complete screens. For this reason, this output is normally reviewed using standard text-manipulation tools such as more, tail, less or grep. [6] Size of the dmesg buffer is limited and the output is often captured in a permanent system logfile via a logging daemon, such as ...