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The EMIDEC 1100 [25] reputedly uses a hard-wired control store consisting of wires threaded through ferrite cores, known as "the laces". Most models of the IBM System/360 series are microprogrammed: The Model 25 is unique among System/360 models in using the top 16 K bytes of core storage to hold the control storage for the microprogram. The ...
In the control logic, the combination of cycle counter, cycle state (high or low) and the bits of the instruction decode register determine exactly what each part of the computer should be doing. To design the control logic, one can create a table of bits describing the control signals to each part of the computer in each cycle of each instruction.
Other designs employ microcode routines or tables (or both) to do this, using ROMs or writable RAMs (writable control store), PLAs, or both. Some microcoded CPU designs with a writable control store use it to allow the instruction set to be changed (for example, the Rekursiv processor and the Imsys Cjip). [19]
2-way simultaneous multithreading (Hyper-threading), Rapid Execution Engine, Execution Trace Cache, quad-pumped Front-Side Bus, Hyper-pipelined Technology, superscalar, out-of order NetBurst 2002 20 2-way simultaneous multithreading NetBurst 2004 31 2-way simultaneous multithreading NetBurst 2006 31
Before the RISC philosophy became prominent, many computer architects tried to bridge the so-called semantic gap, i.e., to design instruction sets that directly support high-level programming constructs such as procedure calls, loop control, and complex addressing modes, allowing data structure and array accesses to be combined into single instructions.
An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer, also referred to as computer architecture.A realization of an ISA is called an implementation.An ISA permits multiple implementations that may vary in performance, physical size, and monetary cost (among other things); because the ISA serves as the interface between software and hardware.
The Sun Microsystems UltraSPARC processor is a type of RISC microprocessor.. In electronics and computer science, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) is a computer architecture designed to simplify the individual instructions given to the computer to accomplish tasks.
The concept of the stored-program computer can be traced back to the 1936 theoretical concept of a universal Turing machine. [11] Von Neumann was aware of this paper, and he impressed it on his collaborators. [12] Many early computers, such as the Atanasoff–Berry computer, were not reprogrammable. They executed a single hardwired program.