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Urolithin A is not known to be found in any food but rather forms as the result of transformation of ellagic acids and ellagitannins by the gut microflora in humans. [ citation needed ] Sources of ellagitannins are: pomegranates, nuts, some berries (raspberries, strawberries, blackberries, cloudberries), tea, muscadine grapes, many tropical ...
Chemical structure of urolithin A.. Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. [1] They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. [2]
The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), [1] formerly called the Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC or NCI-CTC), are a set of criteria for the standardized classification of adverse events of drugs and treatment used in cancer therapy. The CTCAE system is a product of the US National Cancer Institute (NCI).
Vitamin A toxicity is known to be an ancient phenomenon; fossilized skeletal remains of early humans suggest bone abnormalities may have been caused by hypervitaminosis A, [21] as observed in a fossilised leg bone of an individual of Homo erectus, which bears abnormalities similar to those observed in people suffering from an overdose of ...
Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure [1] or from multiple exposures in a short period of time (usually less than 24 hours). [ 2 ] To be described as acute toxicity, the adverse effects should occur within 14 days of the administration of the substance.
The median toxic dose encompasses the category of toxicity that is greater than half maximum effective concentration (ED 50) but less than the median lethal dose (LD 50). However, for some highly potent toxins (ex. lofentanil , botulinum toxin ) the difference between the ED 50 and TD 50 is so minute that the values assigned to them may be ...
Caustic ingestion occurs when someone accidentally or deliberately ingests a caustic or corrosive substance.Depending on the nature of the substance, the duration of exposure and other factors it can lead to varying degrees of damage to the oral mucosa, the esophagus, and the lining of the stomach.
Chemical structure of lipid A as found in E. coli [1]. Lipid A is a lipid component of an endotoxin held responsible for the toxicity of gram-negative bacteria.It is the innermost of the three regions of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also called endotoxin molecule, and its hydrophobic nature allows it to anchor the LPS to the outer membrane. [2]