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Nikkō Tōshō-gū (日光東照宮) is a Tōshō-gū Shinto shrine located in Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.. Together with Futarasan Shrine and Rinnō-ji, it forms the Shrines and Temples of Nikkō UNESCO World Heritage Site, with 42 structures of the shrine included in the nomination.
The buildings belong to two Shinto shrines (Futarasan Shrine and Tōshō-gū) and one Buddhist temple . Nine of the structures are designated National Treasures of Japan while the remaining 94 are Important Cultural Properties. UNESCO listed the site as World Heritage in 1999. [1] [2]
A Tōshō-gū (東照宮) is a Shinto shrine in which Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, is enshrined. [1] Tōshō-gūs are found throughout Japan . The most well-known Tōshō-gū is the Nikkō Tōshō-gū located in Nikkō , Tochigi Prefecture . [ 2 ]
A 1901 map of the city sights. Shōdō Shōnin (勝道上人) established the temple of Rinnō-ji in 766, followed by the temple of Chūzen-ji in 784. The village of Nikkō developed around these temples. The shrine of Nikkō Tōshō-gū was completed in 1617 and became a major draw of visitors to the area during the Edo period.
The establishment of Nikkō National Park dates to the early 20th century. The Diet of Japan designated Nikkō an imperial park (帝国公園, teikoku kōen) in 1911. The National Parks Law was passed in 1931, and Nikkō National Park was established in 1934. [1]
The shrine consists of three geographically separate sections. The main shrine is located between Nikkō Tōshō-gū and the Taiyū-in Mausoleum. Many visitors go to all three, as well as to Rinnō-ji, which are part of the Shrines and Temples of Nikkō UNESCO World Heritage Site. The "middle shrine" is located off the shore of Lake Chuzenji.
The Five Routes. The Nikkō Kaidō (日光街道) was one of the centrally administered five routes of the Edo period.It was built to connect the de facto capital of Japan at Edo (modern-day Tokyo) with the temple-shrine complex of the Mangan-ji and Tōshōsha (now called the Rinnō-ji and Tōshōgū), which are located in the present-day city of Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.
Aerial photograph showing the 3 avenues. The Cedar Avenue of Nikkō (日光杉並木, Nikkō suginami-ki) is the popular name for three separate tree-lined sections of roads in the city of Nikkō, Tochigi in the northern Kantō region of Japan.