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An amorphous metal (also known as metallic glass, glassy metal, or shiny metal) is a solid metallic material, usually an alloy, with disordered atomic-scale structure. Most metals are crystalline in their solid state, which means they have a highly ordered arrangement of atoms. Amorphous metals are non-crystalline, and have a glass-like structure.
Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation. Upon crystallization from water, or water-containing solvents , many compounds incorporate water molecules in their crystalline frameworks.
Regarding their applications, amorphous metallic layers played an important role in the discovery of superconductivity in amorphous metals made by Buckel and Hilsch. [23] [24] The superconductivity of amorphous metals, including amorphous metallic thin films, is now understood to be due to phonon-mediated Cooper pairing.
Chain-melted state: Metals, such as potassium, at high temperature and pressure, present properties of both a solid and liquid. Wigner crystal: a crystalline phase of low-density electrons. Hexatic state, a state of matter that is between the solid and the isotropic liquid phases in two dimensional systems of particles. Ferroics
Many trivalent metals are capable of forming alums. The general form of an alum is XY (SO 4) 2 · n H 2 O, where X is an alkali metal or ammonium, Y is a trivalent metal, and n often is 12. The most important example is chrome alum, KCr(SO 4) 2 ·12 H 2 O, a dark violet crystalline double sulfate of chromium and potassium, was used in tanning.
[citation needed] Amorphous metals had been made before, but only in small batches because cooling rates needed to be in the millions of degrees per second. For example, amorphous wires could be fabricated by splat quenching a stream of molten metal on a spinning disk. Because Vitreloy allowed such slow cooling rates, production of larger batch ...
Metals crystallize rapidly and are almost always polycrystalline, though there are exceptions like amorphous metal and single-crystal metals. The latter are grown synthetically, for example, fighter-jet turbines are typically made by first growing a single crystal of titanium alloy, increasing its strength and melting point over polycrystalline ...
Melt spinning is a metal forming technique that is typically used to form thin ribbons of metal or alloys with a particular atomic structure. [ 1 ] Some important commercial applications of melt-spun metals include high-efficiency transformers ( Amorphous metal transformer ), sensory devices, telecommunications equipment, and power electronics.