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Quaestors, and curule aediles were elected by tribes, while tribunes and plebeian aediles were elected by the plebeian council. [12] These were divided into thirty-five tribes, which were hereditary and geographic. The plebeian council was called with the plebs divided into tribes, making it almost identical to the tribal assembly.
Plebeians who lived in the cities were referred to as plebs urbana. [34] Plebeians in ancient Rome lived in three or four-storey buildings called insula, apartment buildings that housed many families. These apartments usually lacked running water and heat.
The Concilium Plebis (English: Plebeian Council, Plebeian Assembly, People's Assembly or Council of the Plebs) was the principal assembly of the common people of the ancient Roman Republic. It functioned as a legislative/judicial assembly, [ 1 ] through which the plebeians (commoners) could pass legislation (called plebiscites), elect plebeian ...
However, they functioned very much like magistrates of the Roman state. They could convene the concilium plebis, which was entitled to pass legislation affecting the plebeians alone (plebiscita), and beginning in 493 BC to elect the plebeian tribunes and aediles. From the institution of the tribunate, any one of the tribunes of the plebs was ...
Many modern historians believe that it was distinct from the tribal assembly in that it was organised on the same lines but only plebeians could vote. [54] The main argument for the plebeian council being the tribal assembly – as in the two were the same institution – is that ancient sources make no such distinction. [55]
These new Plebeian senators, however, could neither vote on an auctoritas patrum ("authority of the fathers" or "authority of the Patrician senators"), nor be elected interrex. [6] In the year 494 BC, the city was at war, [7] but the Plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. [8]
For example, the "Plebeian Council" was an assembly where Plebeians gathered to elect Plebeian magistrates, pass laws that applied only to Plebeians, and try judicial cases concerning Plebeians. [8] A convention ( conventio ), in contrast, was an unofficial forum for communication, where citizens gathered to debate bills, campaign for office ...
The ballot laws of the Roman Republic (Latin: leges tabellariae) were four laws which introduced the secret ballot to all popular assemblies in the Republic. [1] They were all introduced by tribunes, and consisted of the lex Gabinia tabellaria (or lex Gabinia) of 139 BC, applying to the election of magistrates; the lex Cassia tabellaria of 137 BC, applying to juries except in cases of treason ...