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A chemical restraint is a form of medical restraint in which a drug is used to restrict the freedom or movement of a patient or in some cases to sedate the patient. Chemical restraint is used in emergency, acute, and psychiatric settings to perform surgery or to reduce agitation, aggression or violent behaviours; [a] it may also be used to control or punish unruly behaviours. [2]
IPSG infographic with Arabic translation in a Saudi hospital. The International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) were developed in 2006 by the Joint Commission International (JCI). The goals were adapted from the JCAHO's National Patient Safety Goals. [1] Compliance with IPSG has been monitored in JCI-accredited hospitals since January 2006. [1]
The National Patient Safety Goals is a quality and patient safety improvement program established by the Joint Commission in 2003. The NPSGs were established to help accredited organizations address specific areas of concern in regards to patient safety.
The law also states that a designated psychiatrist must approve the use of restraints and examine the patient at least every 12 hours to determine whether the situation has changed and the patient should be removed from restraints. [24] However, in practice, Japanese psychiatric hospitals use restraints fairly often and for long periods.
Chemical restraint, such as forcible injection with the antipsychotic haloperidol or benzodiazepine sedative midazolam, may be used to sedate a patient who is agitated. [ 36 ] : 624 [ 37 ] : 152 In some countries, antipsychotics and sedatives can be forcibly administered to those who are committed , using intramuscular depot injection . [ 38 ]
In the mid-1960s the United States Congress decided that accredited hospitals would meet conditions set for participation, and thus automatically participated in newly established Medicare and Medicaid programs. HFAP quickly applied for and was granted said status [4] in 1965. [5] By 2012, HFAP accredited about 214 hospitals in the US. [5]
The Joint Commission is a United States-based nonprofit tax-exempt 501(c) organization [1] that accredits more than 22,000 US health care organizations and programs. [2] The international branch accredits medical services from around the world.
The Joint Commission's Annual Report on Quality and Safety 2007 found that inadequate communication between healthcare providers, or between providers and the patient and family members, was the root cause of over half the serious adverse events in accredited hospitals. [66]