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Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) consist of infections primarily of the brain and spinal cord. They include mostly viral infections, less commonly bacterial infections, fungal infections, prion diseases and protozoan infections. Neonatal meningitis is a particular classification by age.
Meningitis is an infection that causes the thin layers of the meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord to become inflamed, explains Dr. Rodrigo Hasbun, an infectious diseases professor at ...
It can be caused by a bacterial infection, such as bacterial meningitis, [17] or may be a complication of a current infectious disease such as syphilis (secondary encephalitis). [18] Other bacterial pathogens, like Mycoplasma and those causing rickettsial disease, cause inflammation of the meninges and consequently encephalitis.
In bacterial meningitis, bacteria reach the meninges by one of two main routes: through the bloodstream (hematogenous spread) or through direct contact between the meninges and either the nasal cavity or the skin. In most cases, meningitis follows invasion of the bloodstream by organisms that live on mucosal surfaces such as the nasal cavity ...
Treponema pallidum is the spirochete-shaped bacteria that causes neurosyphilis. The pathogenesis is not fully known, in part due to fact that the organism is not easily cultured, making scientific experiments difficult. [22] Within days to weeks after initial infection, T. pallidum spreads throughout the body via blood and lymphatic vessels.
After seeing an unusually high number of children with life-threatening brain infections last year, doctors are calling attention to the puzzling trend.
The underlying infection can come in the form of a number of different bacteria or viruses. The data seems to point to Staphylococci as the leading bacterial cause of infection leading to ventriculitis being present in about 90% of cases, [4] but generally, what is of more concern is the way the infection entered the ventricles. The brain in ...
Aseptic meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges, a membrane covering the brain and spinal cord, in patients whose cerebral spinal fluid test result is negative with routine bacterial cultures. Aseptic meningitis is caused by viruses , mycobacteria , spirochetes , fungi , medications , and cancer malignancies. [ 1 ]