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Grignard reagents add to propylene oxide to give secondary alcohols. Some other reactions of propylene oxide include: [14] Reaction with aluminium oxide at 250–260 °C leads to propionaldehyde and a little acetone. Reaction with silver(I) oxide leads to acetic acid. Reaction with sodium–mercury amalgam and water leads to isopropanol.
Alkoxylation is a chemical reaction that involves the addition of an epoxide to another compound. The usual manifestation of this reaction is ethoxylation of alcohols (ROH), in which case ethylene oxide is the alkoxylating agent: ROH + C 2 H 4 O → ROCH 2 CH 2 OH. Another industrially significant epoxide is propylene oxide (PO, OCH 2 CHCH 3 ...
ethylbenzene is oxidized to ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, an epoxidizing agent in the propylene oxide/styrene process POSM; In the Bashkirov process, the autoxidation is conducted in the presence of boric acid, yielding an intermediate borate ester. The process is more selective with the boric acid, but the conversion to the alcohol requires ...
Starting with propylene chlorohydrin, most of the world's supply of propylene oxide arises via this route. [3] An intramolecular epoxide formation reaction is one of the key steps in the Darzens reaction. In the Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction epoxides are generated from carbonyl groups and sulfonium ylides. In this reaction, a sulfonium ...
Water cycle – moves water continuously on, above and below the surface shifting between states of liquid, solution, ice and vapour; Methane cycle – moves methane between geological and biogeochemical sources and reactions in the atmosphere; Hydrogen cycle – a biogeochemical cycle brought about by a combination of biological and ...
A mixture of water (a polar liquid) and oil (a non-polar liquid) will spontaneously separate into two phases. Water has a very low solubility (is insoluble) in oil, and oil has a low solubility in water. Solubility is the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a solvent before the solute ceases to dissolve and remains in a separate phase.
Allyl alcohol can also be made by the rearrangement of propylene oxide, a reaction that is catalyzed by potassium alum at high temperature. The advantage of this method relative to the allyl chloride route is that it does not generate salt. Also avoiding chloride-containing intermediates is the "acetoxylation" of propylene to allyl acetate:
ethylene oxide: basic chemicals, surfactants cyclohexane: K-A process: Co and Mn salts (homogeneous) cyclohexanol cyclohexanone: nylon precursor ethylene: Wacker process: Pd and Cu salts (homogeneous) acetaldehyde: basic chemicals para-xylene: terephthalic acid synthesis: Mn and Co salts (homogeneous) terephthalic acid: plastic precursor ...