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8-bit color, with three bits of red, three bits of green, and two bits of blue. In order to turn a true color 24-bit image into an 8-bit image, the image must go through a process called color quantization. Color quantization is the process of creating a color map for a less color dense image from a more dense image.
A binary image is a digital image that consists of pixels that can have one of exactly two colors, usually black and white. Each pixel is stored as a single bit — i.e. either a 0 or 1. A binary image can be stored in memory as a bitmap : a packed array of bits.
The P4 binary format of the same image represents each pixel with a single bit. A row is width pixels wide packed to the length of 8 pixels or a byte. The first pixel in a row is the most significant bit. The extra bits used to make the length equal to a byte are ignored.
The TIFF and PNG (among other) image file formats support 16-bit grayscale natively, although browsers and many imaging programs tend to ignore the low order 8 bits of each pixel. Internally for computation and working storage, image processing software typically uses integer or floating-point numbers of size 16 or 32 bits.
PAPER n, the background (pixel bit value of 0) color for an 8×8 pixel cell. INK n, the foreground (pixel bit value of 1) color for an 8×8 pixel cell. And a value of 0 or 1 with the following statements to choose: BRIGHT n, sets the bright bit for both foreground and background colors in an 8×8 pixel cell.
The 8-bit per pixel (8bpp) format supports 256 distinct colors and stores 1 pixel per 1 byte. Each byte is an index into a table of up to 256 colors. The 16-bit per pixel (16bpp) format supports 65536 distinct colors and stores 1 pixel per 2-byte WORD. Each WORD can define the alpha, red, green and blue samples of the pixel.
Most scanners can capture images in 8-bit grayscale, and image file formats like TIFF and JPEG natively support this monochrome palette size. Alpha channels employed for video overlay also use (conceptually) this palette. The gray level indicates the opacity of the blended image pixel over the background image pixel.
The 8 bit-planes of a gray-scale image (the one on left). There are eight because the original image uses eight bits per pixel. A bit plane of a digital discrete signal (such as image or sound) is a set of bits corresponding to a given bit position in each of the binary numbers representing the signal.